| 词条 | Andrew Jacobs Jr. |
| 释义 |
| name = Andrew Jacobs Jr. | image name = Andrew Jacobs Jr.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1932|2|24}} | birth_place = Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. | death_date ={{nowrap| {{death date and age|2013|12|28|1932|2|24}} }} | death_place= Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. | state1 = Indiana | district1 = 11th and 10th | term1 = January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1973 | term2 = January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1997 | preceded1 = Donald C. Bruce | preceded2 = William H. Hudnut III | succeeded1 = William H. Hudnut III | succeeded2 = Julia Carson | office3 = Member of the Indiana House of Representatives | term_start3 = 1959 | term_end3 = 1960 | party = Democrat | spouse = 1. Kay Welsh 2. Martha Keys 3. Kimberly Hood Jacobs | children = Andy and Steven[1] | religion = Roman Catholic |branch = United States Marine Corps |serviceyears =1950–1952 |battles = Korean War }} Andrew Jacobs Jr. (February 24, 1932 – December 28, 2013) was an American lawyer and politician. A Democrat, he served as an Indiana state legislator and Congressman. Jacobs was a member of the United States House of Representatives for thirty years, beginning in the 1960s. His father, Andrew Jacobs, was also a congressman for one term. Early lifeJacobs was born in Indianapolis, and graduated from Shortridge High School in 1949. He served as an infantryman in the United States Marine Corps in the Korean War, and was a disabled combat veteran. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in Business from Indiana University in 1955, and a LL.B. from Indiana University in 1958. Upon graduation he began a law practice and served in the Indiana House of Representatives from 1959–1960.[2][2] Political careerJacobs served as a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from 1959 to 1960. In 1964 he was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat in the overwhelming Democratic landslide of 1964. He was appointed to the House Judiciary Committee, on which he coauthored the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Jacobs was an active participant in the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 60s. Jacobs was an early opponent of the Vietnam War, and led an all-night debate against American military involvement in Vietnam during the war, the first critical discussion of the Vietnam War in the House of Representatives. In his criticism of the Vietnam War, Andy Jacobs reportedly coined the term "War wimp" to a describe a politician who advocated war but who had avoided military service earlier in life.[3] In the 1972 Republican landslide, future Indianapolis Mayor Bill Hudnut defeated Jacobs. In 1974, however, Jacobs defeated Hudnut and reclaimed his seat in the House. Following the election he was appointed to the House Ways and Means Committee, on which he served until his retirement from Congress in 1997. He eventually served as the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Social Security. In 1985, Jacobs introduced a proposal to adopt "America the Beautiful" as the U.S. national anthem in place of "The Star-Spangled Banner".[4] Jacobs was involved in major Social Security reforms in the 1980s, which included making Social Security an independent government organization. He wrote legislation requiring physical bonds to exist representing the money Social Security had collected. He retired from Congress in 1997, with a reputation for bipartisan effort, compromise, and humor. He endorsed Julia Carson as his replacement. She served until her death in 2007, after which her grandson, André Carson, made a successful bid for her seat.[5][6] Retirement and deathFollowing his retirement from Congress, Jacobs taught political science at Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis. He wrote and published two memoirs criticizing American militarism. He was also a regular contributor to NUVO Magazine in Indianapolis.[7] He was a strong opponent of American military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan in the 2000s. Jacobs died on December 28, 2013, at his home in Indianapolis, aged 81.[8] He was survived by his third wife, television reporter Kim Jacobs, and two sons.[9][10] References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/12/29/22093754-former-longtime-indiana-congressman-andrew-jacobs-jr-dies-at-81?lite | title=Former longtime Indiana Congressman Andrew Jacobs Jr. dies at 81 | publisher=NBC News | work=Associated Press | date=December 28, 2013 | accessdate=December 31, 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/andrew-jacobs-jr-81-indiana-congressman-and-parsimonious-progressive/2013/12/30/7ddfb562-717a-11e3-8def-a33011492df2_story.html | title=Andrew Jacobs Jr., 81, Indiana congressman and ‘parsimonious progressive’ | publisher=Washington Post | date=December 30, 2013 | accessdate=January 4, 2014 | author=McCarthy, Colman}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Former Indiana Congressman Andrew Jacobs, 81, dies|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2013/12/28/former-indiana-congressman-andrew-jacobs-81-dies/4234677/|work=Indianapolis Star|accessdate=December 29, 2013}} 4. ^http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-12-06/news/8503240444_1_national-anthem-star-spangled-banner-1960s-jacobs 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.muslimlinkpaper.com/myjumla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1368%3ASecond+Muslim+Takes+His+Seat+in+the+House+of+Representatives&Itemid=17 | title=Second Muslim Takes His Seat in the House of Representatives | publisher=The Muslim Link | accessdate=January 4, 2014 | author=Karim, Talib I.}} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://forward.com/articles/136248/the-other-muslim-in-congress/ | title=The ‘Other Muslim’ in Congress | publisher=The Jewish Daily Forward | date=March 16, 2011 | accessdate=January 4, 2014 | author=Guttman, Nathan}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.wcpo.com/news/state/state-indiana/former-indiana-congressman-andy-jacobs-jr-dies-at-81 |title=Former Indiana Congressman Andy Jacobs Jr. dies at 81 |publisher=WCPO Cincinnati |date=December 28, 2013 |accessdate=January 4, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040724/http://www.wcpo.com/news/state/state-indiana/former-indiana-congressman-andy-jacobs-jr-dies-at-81 |archivedate=January 6, 2014 }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-former-indiana-congressman-andrew-jacobs-jr-dies-20131228,0,5035709.story|title=Former Congressman Andrew Jacobs Jr. dead at age 81|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=December 28, 2013|accessdate=December 29, 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/29/us/politics/andrew-jacobs-jr-81-ex-congressman-dies.html?_r=0|title=Andrew Jacobs Jr., 81, Ex-Congressman, Dies|date=December 28, 2013|work=Reuters|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=January 5, 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/28/andrew-jacobs-jr-dies-at-81_n_4513640.html|title=Andrew Jacobs Jr. Dead: Former Indiana Congressman Dies At 81|author=Dobuzinskis, Alex and Peter Cooney|date=December 28, 2013|work=Reuters|publisher=Huffington Post|accessdate=January 5, 2014}} External links{{Portal|Biography}}{{CongBio|J000033}}
| state=Indiana | district=11 | before=Donald C. Bruce | after= William H. Hudnut III | years=1965–1973 }}{{USRepSuccessionBox | state=Indiana | district=11 | before=William H. Hudnut III | after= district eliminated in reapportionment following 1980 Census | years=1975–1983 }}{{USRepSuccessionBox | state=Indiana | district=10 | before=Phil Sharp | after= Julia Carson | years=1983–1997 }}{{s-end}}{{IndianaUSRepresentatives}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacobs Jr., Andrew}} 16 : 1932 births|2013 deaths|Politicians from Indianapolis|Indiana Democrats|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana|Members of the Indiana House of Representatives|United States Marines|Spouses of members of the United States House of Representatives|Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law alumni|American Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War|Military personnel from Indiana|American Roman Catholics|Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis faculty|Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives|20th-century American politicians|Catholics from Indiana |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。