| 词条 | Andrew Kleinfeld |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = | honorific-suffix = | image = | alt = | caption = | office = Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | term_start = June 12, 2010 | term_end = | office1 = Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | term_start1 = September 16, 1991 | term_end1 = June 12, 2010 | nominator1 = | appointer1 = George H. W. Bush | predecessor1 = Alfred Goodwin | successor1 = Morgan Christen | office2 = Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Alaska | term_start2 = May 15, 1986 | term_end2 = October 7, 1991 | nominator2 = | appointer2 = Ronald Reagan | predecessor2 = Seat established by 98 Stat. 333 | successor2 = John W. Sedwick | pronunciation = | birth_name = Andrew Jay Kleinfeld | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|06|12}} | birth_place = New York City, New York | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | citizenship = | nationality = | party = | otherparty = | height = | spouse = Judith Smilg | partner = | relations = | children = | parents = | mother = | father = | relatives = | residence = | education = Wesleyan University (B.A.) Harvard Law School (J.D.) | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = | known_for = | salary = | net_worth = | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | religion = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} Andrew Jay Kleinfeld (born June 12, 1945) is a Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, stationed in Fairbanks, Alaska and a former Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Alaska. Education and professional careerKleinfeld attended Wesleyan University (Bachelor of Arts, 1966) and Harvard Law School (Juris Doctor, 1969). After law school, he clerked for two years for Justice Jay Rabinowitz of the Supreme Court of Alaska. He served as Fairbanks's part-time magistrate for a short time, but was generally in private practice in Fairbanks until his elevation to the bench.[1] PersonalHe is married to Professor Judith (Smilg) Kleinfeld. Federal judicial serviceAfter completing his clerkship, Kleinfeld served for three years as a part-time United States Magistrate of the United States District Court for the District of Alaska.[1] He was nominated to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Alaska by President Ronald Reagan on March 26, 1986, confirmed by the United States Senate on May 14, 1986, and received his commission on May 15, 1986. His service terminated on October 7, 1991, due to elevation to the Ninth Circuit.[1] On May 23, 1991, President George H. W. Bush nominated Kleinfeld to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, vacated by Judge Alfred T. Goodwin. He was confirmed by the Senate on September 12, 1991, and received his commission on September 16, 1991. He assumed senior status on June 12, 2010.[1] Judicial philosophyKleinfeld is generally considered a conservative judge, in contrast with the more liberal circuit he sits on. But his background in private practice as a civil and sometimes criminal defense lawyer gives him a more libertarian bent, as evidenced in his opinion in Calabretta v. Floyd [2] and his dissent in U.S. v. Gourde [3] Involvement in Wal-Mart discrimination caseIn 2007, a Ninth Circuit panel affirmed the class action certification in Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., a lawsuit initiated by female employees of Wal-Mart against the company for gender discrimination. Kleinfeld wrote a sharply worded dissent, saying "this case poses a considerable risk of enriching undeserving class members and counsel, but depriving thousands of women actually injured by sex discrimination of their just due."[4] Free speechKleinfeld was the author of the unanimous panel decision of Morse v. Frederick, holding that a student who put up a banner supposedly supporting drug legalization was exercising his freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment, and the school principal acted unconstitutionally in suspending him. The school board appealed the decision to the Supreme Court, which heard the case on March 19, 2007. The Supreme Court, in a 2007 majority opinion authored by Chief Justice John Roberts, reversed Kleinfeld's ruling and ruled that the First Amendment does not protect in-school student speech advocating illegal drug use.[5] One key point of disagreement between Judge Kleinfeld's opinion and Chief Justice Roberts' was whether the speech was at or during school. As the banner was displayed across the street from the school (which had been let out for the day), Judge Kleinfeld's panel held that it was an "out of school" activity. Chief Justice Roberts' majority disagreed. References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/kleinfeld-andrew-jay|title=Kleinfeld, Andrew Jay - Federal Judicial Center|website=www.fjc.gov}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=9th&navby=docket&no=9715385|title=FindLaw's United States Ninth Circuit case and opinions.|website=Findlaw}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/ca9/newopinions.nsf/40074AB1B7D4FD138825712B00725321/$file/0330262.pdf?openelement|title=United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|website=www.ca9.uscourts.gov}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6336753.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Business - Wal-Mart bias case to go to trial|website=news.bbc.co.uk}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/06-278.ZS.html|title=Morse v. Frederick|first=|last= |publisher=}} Sources
12 : 1945 births|20th-century American judges|Harvard Law School alumni|Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Alaska|Living people|Lawyers from Fairbanks, Alaska|Lawyers from New York City|United States court of appeals judges appointed by George H. W. Bush|United States district court judges appointed by Ronald Reagan|Wesleyan University alumni|United States magistrate judges |
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