| 词条 | Ustyurt Nature Reserve |
| 释义 |
| name = Ustyurt Nature Reserve | photo = | photo_caption = | map = Kazakhstan | map_caption = | location = Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan | nearest_city = Aqqudyq | coordinates = {{coords|43|13|44|N|54|39|14|E|region:KZ|notes=[1]|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|223000|hectare|km2|abbr=on}}[2] | established = 12 July, 1984 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = | world_heritage_site = }} Ustyurt Nature Reserve ({{lang-ru|Устюрт национальный заповедник}}, Ustyurt natsional'nyy zapovednik; {{lang-kz|Үстірт Қорығы}}, Üstirt Qorığı), or the Ustyurt National Biosphere Reserve,[3] is a nature reserve, created on 12 July, 1984 in what was then the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (K.S.S.R.), in Mangystau Region, southwest Kazakhstan. Its area is {{convert|223000|hectare|km2|abbr=on}}, and lies within Ustyurt Plateau. The reserve lies near the borders with Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Its purpose is to preserve the deserts as well as the rare flora and fauna.[2] The Sherkala mountain and the Valley of Balls lie within the reserve.[4] In addition, it contains a big variety of flora and fauna. ClimateThe temperatures vary greatly: from more than {{convert|40|C|F|abbr=on}} during the summer months, down to less than {{convert|-41|C|F|abbr=on}} during the winter months. The average annual precipitation is only {{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}}.[5] Flora and faunaThere are 250 species of flora from 163 different genera and families within the reserve, such as cactus, grey sage, feather grass, anabasis-salsa and saltwort. 37 of the species come from the Chenopodiaceae family.[5] About 44 species of mammal live within the reserve, including many rare animals, such as the Ustyurt mouflon, saiga antelope, jeyran, fox and polecat. Wolves and jackals can also be found, along with the weasel and ferret. The saiga, Persian gazelle and Ustyurt mouflon are considered to only live around Ustyurt and Mangyshlak.[5] LandscapeUstyurt Nature Reserve contains a big variety of landscapes, from steppes and depressions to pillars reaching several hundred metres in height. The pillars can be several colours, including pale pink, blue and dazzling white. The vast Kenderlisor depression spans the entire length of the reserve, from the southwest to the northeast. Shakhr-i-Vazir, an ancient city, also lies in the reserve, along with dozens of Neolithic sites.[5] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Üstirt Qoryghy, Kazakhstan - L RES 10371291|url=http://www.geonames.org/maps/google_43.23_54.65.html|publisher=GeoNames|accessdate=September 8, 2016}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Ustyurt Nature Reserve, Kazakhstan|url=http://www.advantour.com/kazakhstan/nature/ustyurt.htm|publisher=Advantour|accessdate=September 8, 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Ustyurt National Biosphere Reserve|url=http://www.kazakhstan.orexca.com/ustyurt_reserve_kazakhstan.shtml|publisher=OrexCA|accessdate=September 8, 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Kazakhstan's National Parks Are Breathtakingly Beautiful|url=http://www.caravanistan.com/best-of/kazakhstan-nature-national-parks/|publisher=Caravanistan|accessdate=September 8, 2016}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Ustyurtsky state natural reserve|url=http://welcometokazakhstan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=457&catid=48&Itemid=1749&lang=en|accessdate=September 8, 2016}} 2 : Nature reserves in Kazakhstan|Mangystau Region |
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