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词条 UVS (Juno)
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  1. See also

  2. References

  3. External links

{{DISPLAYTITLE:UVS (Juno)}}UVS, known as the Ultraviolet Spectrograph[3] or Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer[4] is the name of an instrument on the Juno orbiter for Jupiter.[3] The instrument is an imaging spectrometer that observes the ultraviolet range of light wavelengths, which is shorter wavelengths than visible light but longer than X-rays.[5] Specifically, it is focused on making remote observations of the aurora, detecting the emissions of gases such as hydrogen in the far-ultraviolet.[5] UVS will observes light from as short a wavelength as 70 nm up to 200 nm, which is in the extreme and far ultraviolet range of light.[5] The source of aurora emissions of Jupiter is one of the goals of the instrument.[6] UVS is one of many instruments on Juno, but it is in particular designed to operate in conjunction with JADE, which observes high-energy particles.[7] With both instruments operating together, both the UV emissions and high-energy particles at the same place and time can be synthesized.[7] This supports the Goal of determining the source of the Jovian magnetic field.[7] There has been a problem understanding the Jovian aurora, ever since Chandra determined X-rays were coming not from, as it was thought Io's orbit but from the polar regions.[1] Every 45 minutes an X-ray hot-spot pulsates, corroborated by a similar previous detection in radio emissions by Galileo and Cassini spacecraft.[1] One theory is that its related to the solar wind.[8] The mystery is not that there are X-rays coming Jupiter, which has been known for decades, as detected by previous X-ray observatories, but rather why with the Chandra observation, that pulse was coming from the north polar region.[9]

There is two main parts to UVS, the optical section and an electronics box.[5][10] It has a small reflecting telescope and also a scan mirror, and it can do long-slit spectrography.[11] UVS uses a Rowland circle spectrograph and a toroidal holographical grating.[5][12] The detector uses a micro-channel plate detector with the sensor being a CsI photocathode to detect the UV light[5][12]

UVS was launched aboard the Juno spacecraft on August 5, 2011 (UTC) from Cape Canaveral, USA, as part of the New Frontiers program,[13] and after an interplanetary journey that including a swingby of Earth, entered a polar orbit of Jupiter on July 5, 2016 (UTC),[14][15]

For detection of following gasses in the far UV:[5]

  • Hydrogen (H)
  • Dihydrogen (H2)
  • Methane ({{chem|CH4}})
  • Acetylene (C2H2)

UVS is similar to, but with a number of changes compared to instruments flown on New Horizons (Pluto probe), Rosetta (comet probe), as well as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.[11] One of the changes is shielding to help the instrument endure Jupiter's radiation environment.[11]

The electronics are located inside the Juno Radiation Vault, which uses titanium to protect it and other spacecraft electronics.[10][16] The UVS electronics include two power supplies and data processing.[16] UVS electronics box uses an Actel 8051 microcontroller.[16]

UVS was developed at the Space Science Department at Southwest Research Institute[17]

UVIS data in concert with JEDI observations detected electrical potentials of 400,000 electron volts (400 keV), 20-30 times higher than Earth, driving charged particles into the polar regions of Jupiter.[18]

There was a proposal to use Juno's UVS (and JIRAM) in collaboration with the Hubble Space Telescope instruments STIS and ACS to study Jupiter aurora in UV.[19]

See also

  • Imaging spectrometer
  • Ultraviolet astronomy
  • Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment
  • Cosmic Origins Spectrograph
  • Microwave Radiometer (Juno)
  • Europa Ultraviolet Spectrograph
  • Gravity Science
  • MAVEN (also has ultraviolet instrument, used at planet Mars)
  • Ralph (New Horizons) (Visible and near infrared imaging spectrometer on New Horizons)
  • Alice (spacecraft instrument) (UV imaging spectrometer on New Horizons and Rosetta space probes)

References

1. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2002/0001/index.html|title=Chandra :: Photo Album :: Jupiter :: 27 Feb 02|website=chandra.harvard.edu|access-date=2017-01-06}}
2. ^ 
3. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Gladstone|first=G. R.|last2=Persyn|first2=S.|last3=Eterno|first3=J.|last4=Slater|first4=D. C.|last5=Davis|first5=M. W.|last6=Versteeg|first6=M. H.|last7=Persson|first7=K. B.|last8=Siegmund|first8=O. H.|last9=Marquet|first9=B.|date=2008-12-01|title=The Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS) on Juno|bibcode=2008AGUFMSM41B1678G|journal=AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts|volume=41|pages=SM41B–1678}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/media-gallery/instruments|title=Juno's Instruments {{!}} Mission Juno|website=Mission Juno|access-date=2017-01-06}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 The Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS) on Juno - Gladstone, et al
6. ^ 
7. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=http://www.space.com/1180-juno-mission-jupiter.html|title=The Juno Mission to Jupiter|newspaper=Space.com|access-date=2017-01-06}}
8. ^ 
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/07mar_jupiterpuzzle|title=Puzzling X-rays from Jupiter {{!}} Science Mission Directorate|website=science.nasa.gov|access-date=2017-01-06}}
10. ^1 Key and Driving Requirements for the Juno Payload Suite of Instruments
11. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Gladstone|first=G. Randall|last2=Persyn|first2=Steven C.|last3=Eterno|first3=John S.|last4=Walther|first4=Brandon C.|last5=Slater|first5=David C.|last6=Davis|first6=Michael W.|last7=Versteeg|first7=Maarten H.|last8=Persson|first8=Kristian B.|last9=Young|first9=Michael K.|date=2014-03-25|title=The Ultraviolet Spectrograph on NASA's Juno Mission|journal=Space Science Reviews|volume=213|issue=1–4|language=en|pages=447–473|doi=10.1007/s11214-014-0040-z|issn=0038-6308|bibcode=2017SSRv..213..447G}}
12. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://spaceflight101.com/juno/instrument-overview/|title=Instrument Overview – Juno|website=spaceflight101.com|access-date=2017-01-06}}
13. ^{{cite news |last=Dunn |first=Marcia |title=NASA probe blasts off for Jupiter after launch-pad snags |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44034674/ns/technology_and_science-space/ |work=MSN |date=August 5, 2011 |accessdate=August 31, 2011}}
14. ^{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA's Juno Spacecraft Enters Jupiter's Orbit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/05/science/juno-enters-jupiters-orbit-capping-5-year-voyage.html |date=July 5, 2016 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=July 5, 2016}}
15. ^{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA's Juno Spacecraft Will Soon Be in Jupiter's Grip |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/science/nasa-jupiter-juno.html |date=June 28, 2016 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=June 30, 2016}}
16. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://spaceflight101.com/juno/instrument-overview/|title=Instrument Overview – Juno|website=spaceflight101.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-27}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.swri.org/9what/releases/2011/juno.htm|title=Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) 2011 News Release - Juno spacecraft to Jupiter prepares to launch|website=www.swri.org|access-date=2017-01-27}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sci-news.com/space/juno-energy-jupiters-auroral-regions-05210.html|title=Juno Detects Vast Amounts of Energy over Jupiter’s Auroral Regions {{!}} Planetary Science, Space Exploration {{!}} Sci-News.com|work=Breaking Science News {{!}} Sci-News.com|access-date=2018-04-04|language=en-US}}
19. ^{{Cite arXiv |eprint = 1503.07669|last1 = Grodent|first1 = Denis|title = The crucial role of HST during the NASA Juno mission: A "Juno initiative"|last2 = Bonfond|first2 = Bertrand|last3 = Gérard|first3 = Jean-Claude|last4 = Randall Gladstone|first4 = G.|last5 = Nichols|first5 = Jonathan D.|last6 = Clarke|first6 = John T.|last7 = Bagenal|first7 = Fran|last8 = Adriani|first8 = Alberto|class = astro-ph.EP|year = 2015}}

External links

  • [https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/spacecraft/index.html NASA Juno Spacecraft and Instruments]
  • [https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10699/1069931/In-flight-characterization-and-calibration-of-the-Juno-Ultraviolet-Spectrograph/10.1117/12.2311563.short?SSO=1 In-flight characterization and calibration of the Juno-Ultraviolet Spectrograph (Juno-UVS)]
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5 : Spacecraft instruments|Juno (spacecraft)|Spectrographs|Ultraviolet telescopes|Extreme ultraviolet telescopes
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