| 词条 | Vaginal syringe |
| 释义 |
A vaginal syringe was an object used in the 19th century in the Western world for douching, treating diseases and for birth control. Vaginal syringes were fairly common at the time, but were not openly discussed because of taboos about discussing feminine hygiene.[1] Vaginal syringes were most often made of metal, glass or Bakelite.[2] HistoryVaginal syringes were marketed under various names, such as the ones made by the E. Edwards and Company of New York called "Lady's Friend" or the "Diamond Syringe No. 10."{{Sfn|Fuller|2003|p=181}} It was important for manufacturers to be vague in advertising because they could be arrested on obscenity charges, like Ezra Heywood was for advertising a vaginal syringe in his newspaper in 1882.{{Sfn|Tone|2001|p=37}} His involvement in the issue led his wife, Angela Heywood to speak openly about birth control and feminine hygiene as a woman's "natural right."{{Sfn|Gordon|1973|p=14}} Others, like Sarah Chase, were arrested for selling vaginal syringes as a method of birth control.{{Sfn|Tone|2000|p=435}} Vaginal syringes have been recorded in paintings by the 17th century artist, Jan Steen.[3] Women have created and patented vaginal syringes for use as birth control as early as the 1879 model developed by Ann Palmer.{{Sfn|Stanley|1995|p=273}} Treating disease and douchingVaginal syringes were used to treat maladies such as leucorrhea or disease of the "pelvic viscera" by injecting water or water and chemicals into the vagina.{{Sfn|Parker|1886|p=8-9}} Vaginal syringes were also used to treat menstrual cramps.[3] The vaginal syringe was also used to promote the Victorian notion that douching was an appropriate method of feminine hygiene.[4] By the 1930s, "many reputable gynecologists" were reporting that "habitual use of a vaginal syringe" was unhealthy.{{Sfn|Cox|1937|p=157}} Birth controlThe vaginal syringe as a method of birth control was available to women in the early nineteenth century.{{Sfn|Draznin|2001|p=100}} In the 1860s, Henry Dyer Grindle, advocated using vaginal syringes for the application of spermicide into the vagina after sexual intercourse.{{Sfn|Brodie|1994|p=73-74}} Women used different types of spermicides with the vaginal syringes including alum, chloride of zinc, baking soda, vinegar, borax, white oak bark, carbolic acid and other chemical combinations.{{Sfn|Brodie|1994|p=73-74}} Some chemicals which could be used as a douche were "capable of inducing an abortion."{{Sfn|Bagley|2016|p=142}} See also
ReferencesCitations1. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.livescience.com/43583-vaginal-syringe-ny-city-hall.html|title=200-Year-Old Douche Found Under New York's City Hall|last=Gannon|first=Megan|date=21 February 2014|work=Live Science|access-date=24 March 2016|via=}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140328-british-museum-celtic-brooch-viking-discovery-archaeology-science/|title=11 Museum Surprises: Rediscovered Treasures, from a Celtic Brooch to an Early Hitchcock Film|last=Williams|first=A.R.|date=29 March 2014|work=National Geographic|access-date=24 March 2016|via=}} 3. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/29284|title=1800s Douche Found Under New York City Hall|last=|first=|date=20 February 2014|work=The History Blog|access-date=24 March 2016|via=}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://archaeology.uiowa.edu/ladys-syringe|title=A Lady's Syringe|last=Collins|first=Angela R.|date=12 March 2014|website=The Office of the State Archaeologist|publisher=The University of Iowa|access-date=24 March 2016}} Sources
3 : Birth control|Medical devices|Women's health |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。