| 词条 | Varkala Tunnel |
| 释义 |
| name = Varkala Tunnel Trivandrum | image = Varkala Tunnel.jpg | caption = Former Chief minister VS Achudhananthan visiting Varkala Tunnel in 2006 | location = Varkala, Trivandrum, Kerala | map = | coordinates = {{coord|8.7365|76.730|type:landmark|display=title}} | route = Trivandrum - Varkala -Kollam | status = Closed {{start date and age|2007}} | start ={{coord|8.7365|76.730|type:landmark|display=inline}} | end = {{coord|8.7167|76.721|type:landmark|display=inline}} | startwork = {{start date and age|1860}} | opened = {{start date and age|1867}} | owner = Government of Kerala | operator = Kerala Inland Waterways and Infrastructure limited | traffic = National Waterway 3 | character = | toll = No | vpd = | construction = Kingdom of Travancore | length = {{convert|1069.848|m|km|abbr=on}} | lanes = 2 | speed = {{convert|25|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} | hielevation = | lowelevation = | height = {{convert|10|m|ft|0}} | width = 13m (planning to increase to 43m) | grade = }}{{OSM Location map |lat = 8.736 |lon = 76.730 |zoom = 12 |width = 305 |height = 400 |minimap = |mini-width= |mini-height= |minipog-x= |minipog-y= |scalemark =180 |mark-lat = 8.736 |mark-lon = 76.731 |mark-title = Varkala Tunnel east entrance |label = East entrance |label-pos = right |mark-lat1 = 8.731 |mark-lon1 = 76.726 |mark-title1 = Varkala Tunnel west entrance |label1 = West entrance |label-pos1 = right |mark-lat2 = 8.717 |mark-lon2 = 76.719 |mark-title2 = Varkala Tunnel |label2 = East Entrance 2 |label-post2 = right |mark-lat3 = 8.716 |mark-lon3 = 76.722 |mark-title3 = Varkala Tunnel |label3 = West Entrance 2 |label-post3 = left }}Varkala Tunnel System, situated in municipality of Varkala of Trivandrum, Kerala, India, also known as the Varkala Canal, is one of the historic sites of the region. This site was constructed by the Travancore Kingdom to establish an inland waterway that was meant to serve as a trade route. The construction of the two long tunnels was started around the mid-1860s and first one opened in 1867 and took around 14 years to complete total of 1km long tunnels.[1] With a length of {{Convert|1069.848|m|km|lk=on}}, the two tunnel played a vital role in transferring ferry goods and people from capital city Trivandrum to Kollam during the pre-independence era. The tunnel is located under the main cliff of the region and represents the architectural excellence of the workers and engineers of that era.[2] Built under the supervision of T. Mahadeva Rao, the Dewan of Travancore Kingdom, the tunnel also provides way to Varkala’s TS canal, which passes through this delicate structure.[3] [4] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/v/019pho000430s45u00031000.html|title=Varkala Tunnel.|first=Colin|last=Wright|website=Bl.uk|accessdate=14 September 2018}} {{asia-tunnel-stub}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/v/019pho000430s45u00031000.html|title=Varkala Tunnel.|first=Colin|last=Wright|website=www.bl.uk|accessdate=24 October 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.keralatourism.org/varkala/varkala-tunnel.php|title=Varkala Tunnel, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India - Kerala Tourism|website=www.keralatourism.org|accessdate=24 October 2018}} 4. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150619/nation-current-affairs/article/light-end-varkala-tunnel# |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914171117/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150619/nation-current-affairs/article/light-end-varkala-tunnel# |archive-date=2018-09-14 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 5 : Tunnels completed in 1867|Tunnels in India|Transport in Thiruvananthapuram|Tourism in Kerala|Buildings and structures in Thiruvananthapuram |
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