请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Veracity of statements by Donald Trump
释义

  1. Business career

  2. In The Art of the Deal

  3. 2016 presidential campaign

  4. Presidency

      Fact-checking Trump    Credibility    Commentary and analysis  

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. Further reading

{{short description|False or misleading statements made by Donald Trump}}{{Use American English|date=October 2018}}{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}{{Donald Trump series}}Donald Trump, the president of the United States, has made many false or misleading statements. Commentators and fact-checkers have described the rate of his falsehoods as unprecedented[1] in politics,[1][2][3] and they have become a distinctive part of both his business and political identity.[4]

As of March 4, 2019, The Washington Post has identified more than 9,000 false or misleading statements since Trump took office, an average of more than 20 such statements per day.[6]

Business career

Within years of expanding his father's property development business into Manhattan in the early 1970s, Trump attracted the attention of The New York Times for his brash and controversial style, with one real estate financier observing in 1976, "His deals are dramatic, but they haven't come into being. So far, the chief beneficiary of his creativity has been his public image." Der Scutt, the prominent architect who designed Trump Tower, said of Trump in 1976, "He's extremely aggressive when he sells, maybe to the point of overselling. Like, he'll say the convention center is the biggest in the world, when it really isn't. He'll exaggerate for the purpose of making a sale."[5]

The architect Philip Johnson said in 1984 that Trump often lied.[6]

In 2018, journalist Jonathan Greenberg released audio recordings from 1984 in which Trump, posing as his own spokesman John Barron, made false assertions of his wealth to secure a higher ranking on the Forbes 400 list of wealthy Americans, including claiming he owned over 90 percent of his family's business.[7]

A 1984 GQ profile of Trump quoted him stating he owned the whole block on Central Park South and Avenue of the Americas. GQ noted that the two buildings Trump owned in that area were likely less than a sixth of the block.[8]

Alair Townsend, a former budget director and deputy mayor of New York City during the 1980s, and a former publisher of Crain's New York Business, said "I wouldn't believe Donald Trump if his tongue were notarized."[9][10] Leona Helmsley later used this line as her own when she spoke about Trump in her November 1990 interview in Playboy magazine.[11]

His 1987 book The Art of the Deal stated, "I play to people's fantasies. I call it truthful hyperbole. It's an innocent form of exaggeration — and a very effective form of promotion."[12]

When the stock market crashed in October 1987, Trump told the press that he had sold all of his stock a month before and taken no losses. But SEC filings showed that he still owned large stakes in some companies. Forbes calculated that Trump had lost $19 million on his Resorts International holdings alone.[9]

Challenging estimates of his net worth he considered too low, in 1989 Trump stated he had very little debt.[13] Reuters reported Trump owed $4 billion to more than 70 banks at the beginning of 1990.[14]

In 1997, Ben Berzin Jr., who had been tasked with recovering at least some of the $100 million his bank had lent Trump, said "During the time that I dealt with Mr. Trump, I was continually surprised by his mastery of situational ethics. He does not seem to be able to differentiate between fact and fiction."[15][9]

David Fahrenthold investigated the long history of Trump's claims about his charitable giving and found little evidence the claims are true.[16][17] Following Fahrenthold's reporting, the Attorney General of New York opened an inquiry into the Donald J. Trump Foundation's fundraising practices, and ultimately issued a "notice of violation" ordering the Foundation to stop raising money in New York.[18] The Foundation had to admit it engaged in self-dealing practices to benefit Trump, his family, and businesses.[19] Fahrenthold won the 2017 Pulitzer Prize in National Reporting for his coverage of Trump's claimed charitable giving[20] and casting "doubt on Donald Trump's assertions of generosity toward charities."[21]

In 1996, Trump claimed he wagered $1 million on 20-to-1 odds in a Las Vegas heavyweight title boxing match between Evander Holyfield and Mike Tyson. The Las Vegas Sun reported that "while everyone is careful not to call Trump a liar," no one in a position to know about such a sizable wager was aware of it.[22]

A 1998 New York Observer article entitled "Tricky Donald Trump Beats Jerry Nadler in Game of Politics" reported that "Nadler flatly calls Mr. Trump a 'liar'," quoting Nadler stating, "Trump got $6 million [in federal money] in the dead of night when no one knew anything about it" by slipping a provision into a $200 billion federal transportation bill.[23]

Promoting his Trump University after its formation in 2004, Trump asserted he would handpick all its instructors. Michael Sexton, former president of the venture, stated in a 2012 deposition that Trump selected none of the instructors.[24]

During a 2005 deposition in a defamation lawsuit he initiated about his worth, Trump stated "My net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings, even my own feelings... and that can change rapidly from day to day."[25]

In The Art of the Deal

{{main|Trump: The Art of the Deal}}Tony Schwartz is a journalist who ghostwrote The Art of the Deal.[30] In July 2016, Schwartz was interviewed by Jane Mayer for two articles in The New Yorker.[26][30] In them he described Trump, who was running for president at the time, highly unfavorably, and described how he came to regret writing The Art of the Deal.[26][30][27]

When Schwartz wrote The Art of the Deal, he created the phrase "truthful hyperbole" as an "artful euphemism" to describe Trump's "loose relationship with the truth."[30] This passage from the book provides the context, written in Trump's voice: "I play to people's fantasies...People want to believe that something is the biggest and the greatest and the most spectacular. I call it truthful hyperbole. It's an innocent form of exaggeration — and it's a very effective form of promotion."[28] He said that Trump "loved the phrase".[30][29]

Schwartz said that "deceit" is never "innocent." He added, "'Truthful hyperbole' is a contradiction in terms. It's a way of saying, 'It's a lie, but who cares?'"[30] Schwartz repeated his criticism on Good Morning America and Real Time with Bill Maher, saying he "put lipstick on a pig".[30]

Fearing that anti-German sentiments during and after World War II would negatively affect his business, Fred Trump began claiming Swedish descent.[31][32][33] The falsehood was repeated by Fred's son Donald to the press[5][6] and in The Art of the Deal,[34][35][33] where he claimed that his grandfather, Friedrich Trump, "came here from Sweden as a child".[36] In the same book, Donald also said that his father was born in New Jersey when, in fact, he was born in the Bronx.[37][38]

2016 presidential campaign

Within six months of announcing his presidential candidacy, FactCheck.org declared him the "King of Whoppers," stating, "In the 12 years of FactCheck.org's existence, we've never seen his match. He stands out not only for the sheer number of his factually false claims, but also for his brazen refusals to admit error when proven wrong."[39]

Trump has promoted a number of conspiracy theories that have lacked substance. These have included Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories from 2011 ("birther" theories); that Barack Obama was not born in the United States;[40][41][42] In 2011, Trump took credit for pushing the White House to release Obama's "long-form" birth certificate, while raising doubt about its legitimacy,[43] and in 2016 admitted that Obama was a natural-born citizen from Hawaii.[44] He later falsely stated that Hillary Clinton started the Obama "birther" movement.[44][45][46]

Another was that Ted Cruz's father was involved in the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 2016; and another was that he only lost the popular vote in the 2016 election because of the "millions" of illegal voters in that election cycle.[47][48]

Presidency

Trump's presidency began with a series of falsehoods originated by Trump himself. The day after his inauguration, he falsely accused the media of lying about the size of the inauguration crowd. Then he exaggerated the size, and White House press secretary Sean Spicer backed up his claims.[49][50][51][52] When Spicer was accused of intentionally misstating the figures,[53][54][55] Kellyanne Conway, in an interview with NBC's Chuck Todd, defended Spicer by stating that he merely presented alternative facts.[56] Todd responded by saying "alternative facts are not facts. They're falsehoods."[57]

Trump went on to claim that his electoral college victory was a landslide;[58][59][60] that three of the states he did not win in the 2016 election had "serious voter fraud";[61][62][63][64] and that Clinton received 3 million to 5 million illegal votes.[65][66] Trump made his Trump Tower wiretapping allegations in March 2017, which the Department of Justice has twice refuted.[67][68] In January 2018, Trump claimed that texts between FBI employees Peter Strzok and Lisa Page were tantamount to "treason", but The Wall Street Journal reviewed them and concluded that the texts "show no evidence of a conspiracy against" Trump.[69][70]

On May 9, 2017, Trump dismissed James Comey, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, stating that he had accepted the recommendations of the U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein to dismiss Comey. In their respective letters, neither Trump, Sessions nor Rosenstein mentioned the issue of an FBI investigation into links between Trump associates and Russian officials, with Rosenstein writing that Comey should be dismissed for his handling of the conclusion of the FBI investigation into the Hillary Clinton email controversy, while Sessions cited Rosenstein's reasons.[71][72][73] On May 11, Trump said in a videoed interview: "... regardless of recommendation, I was going to fire Comey ... in fact, when I decided to just do it, I said to myself, I said, you know, this Russia thing with Trump and Russia is a made-up story."[74][75][76] On May 31, Trump wrote on Twitter: "I never fired James Comey because of Russia!"[69]

In 2017 and in the first half of 2018, Trump repeatedly praised his personal attorney Michael Cohen as a "a great lawyer", "a loyal, wonderful person", "a good man", and someone Trump "always liked" and "respected". In the second half of 2018, with Cohen testifying to federal investigations, Trump attacked Cohen as a "rat", "a weak person, and not a very smart person", and described Cohen as "a PR person who did small legal work, very small legal work ... He represented me very little."[74][77][78]

In May 2018, Trump developed and promoted the false[96][79] Spygate conspiracy theory[80][48] alleging that the Barack Obama administration planted a spy inside Trump's 2016 presidential campaign to assist Hillary Clinton win the 2016 US presidential election.[81][82]

The New York Times editorial board has frequently lambasted Trump's dishonesty. In September 2018, the board called him "a president with no clear relation to the truth".[83] The following month, the board published an opinion piece titled, "Donald Trump Is Lyin' Up a Storm".[84]

In March 2019, Trump asserted that the special counsel investigation is "illegal"; previously in June 2018, Trump argued that "the appointment of the Special Counsel is totally UNCONSTITUTIONAL!" However, in August 2018, Dabney Friedrich, a Trump-appointed judge on the DC District Court ruled the appointment was constitutional, as did a unanimous three-judge panel of the Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit in February 2019.[85][86]

Also in March 2019, following the release of Attorney General William Barr's summary of findings of the completed special counsel investigation, Trump tweeted: "No Collusion, No Obstruction, Complete and Total EXONERATION." However, Barr had quoted special counsel Mueller as writing that "while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him" on whether he had committed obstruction of justice.[87][88]

As of March 2019, Trump's most repeated falsehoods, each repeated during his presidency over 100 times, were: that a U.S. trade deficit would be a "loss" for the country; that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, passed during his term, was the largest tax cut in American history; that the American economy was the strongest ever during his administration; and that the Trump wall was already being built. He has also made 100 false claims about NATO spending, whether on the part of United States or other NATO nations.[89]

Fact-checking Trump

Trump's statements as president have engaged a host of fact-checkers. Tony Burman wrote: "The falsehoods and distortions uttered by Trump and his senior officials have particularly inflamed journalists and have been challenged — resulting in a growing prominence of 'fact-checkers' and investigative reporting."[90] The situation is getting worse, as described by Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ashley Parker: "President Trump seems to be saying more and more things that aren't true."[91]

Glenn Kessler said in 2017 that in his job as a fact-checker for The Washington Post there was no comparison between Trump and other politicians. Kessler gave his worst rating to other politicians 15 percent to 20 percent of the time, but gave it to Trump 63 percent to 65 percent of the time.[92] Kessler wrote that Trump was the most fact-challenged politician that he had ever encountered and lamented that "the pace and volume of the president's misstatements means that we cannot possibly keep up."[112]The Washington Post fact-checker created a new category of falsehoods in December 2018, the "Bottomless Pinocchio", for falsehoods that have been repeated at least 20 times (so often "that there can be no question the politician is aware his or her facts are wrong"). Trump was the only politician who met the standard of the category, with 14 statements that immediately qualified for the category. According to the Washington Post, Trump has repeated some falsehoods so many times that he has effectively engaged in disinformation.[93]

Professor Robert Prentice summarized the views of many fact-checkers:

{{quote|"Here's the problem: As fact checker Glenn Kessler noted in August, whereas Clinton lies as much as the average politician, President Donald Trump's lying is "off the charts." No prominent politician in memory bests Trump for spouting spectacular, egregious, easily disproved lies. The birther claim. The vote fraud claim. The attendance at the inauguration claim. And on and on and on. Every fact checker — Kessler, Factcheck.org, Snopes.com, PolitiFact — finds a level of mendacity unequaled by any politician ever scrutinized. For instance, 70 percent of his campaign statements checked by PolitiFact were mostly false, totally false, or "pants on fire" false."[94]}}

At the end of 2018, Kessler provided a run-down summary of Trump's accelerating rate of false statements during the year:

{{quote|"Trump began 2018 on a similar pace as last year. Through May, he generally averaged about 200 to 250 false claims a month. But his rate suddenly exploded in June, when he topped 500 falsehoods, as he appeared to shift to campaign mode. He uttered almost 500 more in both July and August, almost 600 in September, more than 1,200 in October and almost 900 in November. In December, Trump drifted back to the mid-200s."[95]}}

Several major fact-checking sites regularly fact-check Trump, including:

  • PolitiFact[96] who awarded Trump their "Lie of the Year" in 2015[97] and 2017
  • FactCheck.org[98] who dubbed Trump the "King of Whoppers" in 2015.[99]
  • The Washington Post, which says that as of March 4, 2019, Trump had made more than 9,000 false or misleading claims as president.[100]
  • The Toronto Star[101]

Credibility

According to a September 2018 CNN-SSRS poll, only 32% percent of Americans find Trump honest and trustworthy, the worst read in CNN polling history. The number was 33% on election day, November 8, 2016.[102]

Commentary and analysis

As president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.[103][104][105][126] Trump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office according to The New York Times,[103] and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of The Washington Post.[106] On Trump's 700th day in office, the Post{{'}}s tally exceeded 7,500 false or misleading claims, and it had risen to an average of 10.7 per day[107] from 4.9 during his first 100 days in office.[108][4] According to one study, the rate of false statements has increased, with the percentage of his words that are part of a false claim rising over the course of his presidency.[109] In general, news organizations have been hesitant to label these statements as "lies".[110][111][109]

See also

  • Pseudonyms of Donald Trump
  • Trump in the White House
  • Fire and Fury
  • The Making of Donald Trump
  • The Republican War on Science by Chris Mooney, for background
  • Truth Decay by Jennifer Kavanagh and Michael D. Rich

References

1. ^{{cite journal |last=McGranahan |first=Carole |url=https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/amet.12475|title=An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage |journal=American Ethnologist |date=May 2017 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=243–248 |doi=10.1111/amet.12475}}
2. ^{{cite news |work=The New York Times |date=March 17, 2018 |first=Peter |last=Baker |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |title=Trump and the Truth: A President Tests His Own Credibility |accessdate=October 23, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/us/politics/trump-truth-lies.html}}
3. ^{{cite news |work=Toronto Star |date=October 22, 2018 |first=Daniel |last=Dale |title=Donald Trump's strategy as midterms approach: lies and fear-mongering |accessdate=October 23, 2018 |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/10/22/donald-trumps-strategy-as-midterms-approach-lies-and-fear-mongering.html}}
4. ^1 {{cite journal|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose|title=It’s True: Trump Is Lying More, and He’s Doing It on Purpose|journal=The New Yorker|date=August 3, 2018|first=Susan B.|last=Glasser}}
5. ^1 {{cite news |work=The New York Times |date=November 1, 1976 |first=Judy |last=Klemesrud |authorlink=Judy Lee Klemesrud |title=Donald Trump, Real Estate Promoter, Builds Image as He Buys Buildings |accessdate=October 23, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/01/archives/donald-trump-real-estate-promoter-builds-image-as-he-buys-buildings.html}}
6. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/magazine/the-expanding-empire-of-donald-trump.html |title=The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump |first=William E. |last=Geist |authorlink=Bill Geist |date=April 8, 1984 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=October 28, 2018}}
7. ^{{cite news |work=The Washington Post |date=April 20, 2018 |first=Jonathan |last=Greenberg |title=Trump lied to me about his wealth to get onto the Forbes 400. Here are the tapes. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes/2018/04/20/ac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html}}
8. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.gq.com/story/donald-trump-gq-profile-graydon-carter |title=The Secret to Donald Trump's Success |first=Graydon |last=Carter |authorlink=Graydon Carter |date=May 1, 1984 |work=GQ |accessdate=October 27, 2018}}
9. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Malanga |first=Steven |authorlink=Steven Malanga |title=My Pen Pal, Donald Trump Or, the art of the squeal |date=May 12, 2016 |url=https://www.city-journal.org/html/my-pen-pal-donald-trump-14442.html |website=City Journal |publisher=Manhattan Institute for Policy Research |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}
10. ^{{cite news |date=n.d. |first=Greg |last=David |title=2018 Hall of Fame |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/awards/hof-2018-alair-townsend |website=Crain's New York Business |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}
11. ^{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=It's Leona's Turn in Playboy--Donald Is a 'Skunk' |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-09-21/entertainment/ca-959_1_magnate-donald-trump |website=Los Angeles Times |date=September 21, 1990 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}
12. ^{{cite news |work=The Washington Post |date=February 29, 2016 |first=Ana |last=Swanson |title=The myth and the reality of Donald Trump's business empire |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/29/the-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire/}}
13. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-03-12-8903260257-story.html |title=Trump: "The People's Billionaire" |date=March 12, 1989 |first=Glenn |last=Plaskin |work=Chicago Tribune |accessdate=October 28, 2018}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-bankruptcies-insig/art-of-the-spin-trump-bankers-question-his-portrayal-of-financial-comeback-idUSKCN0ZX0GP |title=Art of the spin: Trump bankers question his portrayal of financial comeback |date=July 17, 2016 |first=Emily |last=Flitter |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=October 28, 2018}}
15. ^{{cite news |date=April 6, 2011 |last=Malanga |first=Steven |authorlink=Steven Malanga |title=Donald Trump: The Art of the Tease |url=https://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2011/04/06/donald_trump_the_art_of_the_tease_98949.html |website=Real Clear Markets |accessdate=October 26, 2018}}
16. ^{{cite news |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump's co-author on 'The Art of the Deal' donates $55,000 royalty check to charity |website=The Washington Post |date=October 4, 2016 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/10/04/trumps-co-author-on-the-art-of-the-deal-donates-55000-royalty-check-to-charity/ |accessdate=February 26, 2017}}
17. ^{{cite news |first=Terry |last=Gross |authorlink=Terry Gross |first2=David |last2=Fahrenthold |authorlink2=David Fahrenthold |title=Journalist Says Trump Foundation May Have Engaged In 'Self-Dealing' |publisher=NPR |date=September 28, 2016 |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/09/28/495782978/journalist-says-trump-foundation-may-have-engaged-in-self-dealing |access-date=March 1, 2018}}
18. ^{{cite news |last=Eder |first=Steve |title=State Attorney General Orders Trump Foundation to Cease Raising Money in New York |website=The New York Times |date=October 3, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/04/us/politics/trump-foundation-money.html |accessdate=March 1, 2017}}
19. ^{{cite news |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump Foundation admits to violating ban on 'self-dealing,' new filing to IRS shows |website=The Washington Post |date=November 22, 2016 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-apparently-admits-to-violating-ban-on-self-dealing-new-filing-to-irs-shows/2016/11/22/893f6508-b0a9-11e6-8616-52b15787add0_story.html |access-date=March 31, 2018}}
20. ^{{cite news |last=Farhi |first=Paul |title=Washington Post's David Fahrenthold wins Pulitzer Prize for dogged reporting of Trump's philanthropy |website=The Washington Post |date=April 10, 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/washington-posts-david-fahrenthold-wins-pulitzer-prize-for-dogged-reporting-of-trumps-philanthropy/2017/04/10/dd535d2e-1dfb-11e7-be2a-3a1fb24d4671_story.html |accessdate=April 11, 2017}}
21. ^{{cite web |date=April 10, 2017 |title=2017 Pulitzer Prize: National Reporting |publisher=Pulitzer Prize |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-category/209 |accessdate=April 10, 2017}}
22. ^{{cite news |url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/1996/dec/04/no-trace-of-trump-20-mil-win/ |title=No trace of Trump $20 mil. win |website=Las Vegas Sun |accessdate=October 27, 2018 |date=December 4, 1996}}
23. ^{{cite news |url=https://observer.com/1998/06/tricky-donald-trump-beats-jerry-nadler-in-game-of-politics/ |title=Tricky Donald Trump Beats Jerry Nadler in Game of Politics |date=June 8, 1998 |work=The New York Observer |accessdate=October 27, 2018 |first=Greg |last=Sargent}}
24. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2016/03/trumps-defense-of-his-university/ |title=Trump's Defense of His 'University' |date=March 1, 2016 |first=D'Angelo |last=Gore |publisher=FactCheck.org |accessdate=October 29, 2018}}
25. ^{{cite news |date=July 5, 2016 |last=Singer |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Singer (journalist) |title=Getting Sued by Trump Has Its Upsides |url=https://www.gq.com/story/getting-sued-by-trump-has-its-upsides |website=GQ |accessdate=October 28, 2018}}
26. ^1 {{cite news |last=Mayer |first=Jane |authorlink=Jane Mayer |date=July 20, 2016 |title=Donald Trump Threatens the Ghostwriter of "The Art of the Deal" |website=The New Yorker |url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trump-threatens-the-ghostwriter-of-the-art-of-the-deal |accessdate=February 10, 2017}}
27. ^{{cite news |date=July 21, 2016 |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/07/21/486924253/art-of-the-deal-ghostwriter-on-why-trump-should-not-be-president |title='Art Of The Deal' Ghostwriter On Why Trump Should Not Be President |publisher=NPR |accessdate=February 10, 2017}}
28. ^{{cite news |last=Croucher |first=Shane |title=Is Donald Trump stupid or a liar? |website=International Business Times |date=February 24, 2017 |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/donald-trump-stupid-liar-1608463 |accessdate=February 25, 2017}}
29. ^{{cite news |last=Page |first=Clarence |authorlink=Clarence Page |title=Column: 'Alternative facts' play to Americans' fantasies |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/page/ct-alternative-facts-kellyanne-conway-trump-perspec-0125-20170124-story.html |website=Chicago Tribune |date=January 24, 2017 |accessdate=February 27, 2017}}
30. ^{{cite news |last=Winsor |first=Morgan |date=July 18, 2016 |title=Tony Schwartz, Co-Author of Donald Trump's 'The Art of the Deal,' Says Trump Presidency Would Be 'Terrifying' |publisher=ABC News |url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/tony-schwartz-author-donald-trumps-art-deal-trump/story?id=40662196 |accessdate=February 10, 2017}}
31. ^{{cite book |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |title=The Trumps : three generations of builders and a president|publisher=Simon and Schuster, Inc.|location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=978-0-7432-1079-9 |page=159 |edition=First Simon and Schuster paperback edition, November 2015}} (Republication of Three Generations That Built an Empire (Simon and Schuster, 2000, {{ISBN|978-0-684-80849-9}}))
32. ^{{cite news |last=Viser |first=Matt |url =https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/07/16/donald-trump-ambition-and-taste-for-glitz-drove-him-surpass-his-own-father-considerable-success/w9GNiWpAsqzbTSsgkhVBhJ/story.html |title=Donald Trump's drive to surpass his father's success |work=The Boston Globe |date =July 16, 2016 |access-date=November 2, 2018}}
33. ^1 {{cite news |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/22/us/politics/for-donald-trumps-family-an-immigrants-tale-with-2-beginnings.html |title=For Donald Trump's Family, an Immigrant's Tale With 2 Beginnings |work=The New York Times |date=August 22, 2016 |access-date=August 21, 2018}}
34. ^{{cite news |title=Trump's family denied German heritage for years |first=Jennifer |last=Hansler |date=November 28, 2017 |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/politics/trump-family-heritage/index.html}}
35. ^{{cite news |title=Donald Trump claimed he was of Swedish ancestry – but it's a lie |first=Vilhelm |last=Carlström |date=November 28, 2017 |work=Business Insider |url=https://nordic.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-told-the-world-he-was-of-swedish-ancestry---but-its-a-lie-2016-8}}
36. ^{{cite news |last=Daly |first=Michael |title=Donald Trump Even Lies About Being Swedish (Hes Actually German) |website=The Daily Beast |date=March 24, 2016 |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/03/25/donald-trump-even-lies-about-being-swedish-he-s-actually-german.html |accessdate=February 24, 2017}}
37. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news |last=Mayer |first=Jane |authorlink=Jane Mayer |date=July 25, 2016 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/25/donald-trumps-ghostwriter-tells-all |title=Donald Trump's Ghostwriter Tells All |website=The New Yorker |accessdate=February 10, 2017}}
38. ^{{cite book |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |authorlink=Wayne Barrett |title=The Greatest Show on Earth |publisher=Regan Arts. |location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=978-1682450-79-6 |page=33 |edition=First Regan Arts. paperback edition, August 2016}} (Republication of Trump: The Deals and the Downfall (Harper Collins, 1992, {{ISBN|0-06-016704-1}}))
39. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |date=December 21, 2015 |publisher=FactCheck.org |accessdate=October 26, 2018}}
40. ^{{cite news |last=Gass |first=Nick |title=Trump: I'm still a birther |website=Politico |date=January 12, 2012 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/donald-trump-birther-obama-119945.html |access-date=October 27, 2018}}
41. ^{{cite news |last=Keneally |first=Meghan |title=Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About Obama |publisher=ABC News |date=September 18, 2015 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-history-raising-birther-questions-president-obama/story?id=33861832 |access-date=October 27, 2018}}
42. ^{{cite news |last=Epps |first=Garrett |authorlink=Garrett Epps |title=Trump's Birther Libel |website=The Atlantic |date=February 26, 2016 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/02/trump-birther-rubio-cruz/471015/ |access-date=October 27, 2018}}
43. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-takes-credit-for-obama-birth-certificate-release-but-wonders-is-it-real/ |title=Trump takes credit for Obama birth certificate release, but wonders 'is it real?' |first=Lucy |last=Madison |publisher=CBS News |date=April 27, 2011 |accessdate=May 9, 2011}}
44. ^1 {{cite news |work=The New York Times |title=Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alan |last2=Rappeport |date=September 16, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html}}
45. ^{{cite news |title=Trump on Birtherism: Wrong, and Wrong |publisher=FactCheck.org |date=September 16, 2016 |first=Robert |last=Farley |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2016/09/trump-on-birtherism-wrong-and-wrong/ |access-date=March 30, 2018}}
46. ^{{cite news |title=Trump's False claim Clinton started Obama birther talk |publisher=PolitiFact |date=September 16, 2016 |first=Jon |last=Greenberg |first2=Linda |last2=Qiu |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/sep/16/donald-trump/fact-checking-donald-trumps-claim-hillary-clinton-/ |access-date=March 30, 2018}}
47. ^{{cite news |last=Evans |first=Greg |date=May 29, 2018 |title=8 of the biggest conspiracy theories that Trump has shared |url=https://www.indy100.com/article/donald-trump-us-president-conspiracy-theories-spygate-barack-obama-ted-cruz-8369426 |work=The Independent |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}
48. ^1 {{cite news |last=Blake |first=Aaron |date=May 23, 2018 |title=The No. 1 reason Trump's 'spygate' conspiracy theory doesn't make sense |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2018/05/23/the-no-1-reason-trumps-spygate-conspiracy-theory-doesnt-make-sense/ |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=June 3, 2018}}
49. ^{{cite news |title=Donald Trump had biggest inaugural crowd ever? Metrics don't show it |publisher=PolitiFact |date=January 21, 2017 |first=Linda |last=Qiu |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2017/jan/21/sean-spicer/trump-had-biggest-inaugural-crowd-ever-metrics-don/ |access-date=March 30, 2018}}
50. ^{{cite news |title=Was Donald Trump's Inauguration the Most Viewed in History? |publisher=Snopes.com |date=January 22, 2017 |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/trump-inauguration-viewership/ |access-date=March 30, 2018}}
51. ^{{cite news |title=The Facts on Crowd Size |publisher=FactCheck.org |date=January 23, 2017 |first=Lori |last=Robertson |first2=Robert |last2=Farley |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2017/01/the-facts-on-crowd-size/ |access-date=March 30, 2018}}
52. ^{{cite news |last=Rein |first=Lisa |title=Here are the photos that show Obama's inauguration crowd was bigger than Trump's |website=The Washington Post |date=March 6, 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/03/06/here-are-the-photos-that-show-obamas-inauguration-crowd-was-bigger-than-trumps/ |accessdate=March 8, 2017}}
53. ^{{cite news |first=Julie Hirschfeld |last=Davis |first2=Matthew |last2=Rosenberg |authorlink2=Matthew Rosenberg |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/trump-white-house-briefing-inauguration-crowd-size.html |title=With False Claims, Trump Attacks Media on Turnout and Intelligence Rift |work=The New York Times |date=January 21, 2017 |accessdate=March 8, 2017}}
54. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/01/sean-spicer-inauguration-statement-lies |last=Makarechi |first=Kia |title=Trump Spokesman Sean Spicer's Lecture on Media Accuracy Is Peppered With Lies |work=Vanity Fair |date=January 2, 2014 |accessdate=January 22, 2017}}
55. ^{{cite news |date=January 22, 2017 |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/01/22/spicer-earns-four-pinocchios-for-a-series-of-false-claims-on-inauguration-crowd-size/ |title=Spicer earns Four Pinocchios for false claims on inauguration crowd size |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=January 22, 2017}}
56. ^{{cite news |date=January 22, 2017 |last=Jaffe |first=Alexandra |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/wh-spokesman-gave-alternative-facts-inauguration-crowd-n710466 |title=Kellyanne Conway: WH Spokesman Gave 'Alternative Facts' on Inauguration Crowd |publisher=NBC News |accessdate=January 22, 2017}}
57. ^{{cite news |last=Blake |first=Aaron |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/22/kellyanne-conway-says-donald-trumps-team-has-alternate-facts-which-pretty-much-says-it-all/ |title=Kellyanne Conway says Donald Trump's team has 'alternative facts.' Which pretty much says it all. |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 22, 2017 |accessdate=March 31, 2018}}
58. ^{{cite news |title=Trump's electoral college victory not a 'massive landslide' |publisher=PolitiFact |date=December 11, 2016 |first=Louis |last=Jacobson |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/dec/12/donald-trump/donald-trumps-electoral-college-victory-was-not-ma/ |access-date=March 30, 2018}}
59. ^{{cite news |title=Trump Landslide? Nope |publisher=FactCheck.org |date=November 29, 2016 |first=Robert |last=Farley |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2016/11/trump-landslide-nope/ |access-date=March 30, 2018}}
60. ^{{cite news |last=Seipel |first=Arnie |title=Trump Falsely Claims A 'Massive Landslide Victory' |publisher=NPR |date=December 11, 2016 |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/12/11/505182622/fact-check-trump-claims-a-massive-landslide-victory-but-history-differs |access-date=March 30, 2018}}
61. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/virginia/statements/2016/nov/29/donald-trump/trumps-pants-fire-serious-voter-fraud-claim-virgin/ |title=Pants on Fire to Trump's claim of Virginia voter fraud |publisher=PolitiFact |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |date=November 29, 2016 |first=Sean |last=Gorman}}
62. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/new-hampshire/statements/2016/nov/28/donald-trump/trump-claims-serious-voter-fraud-new-hampshire/ |title=Trump claims 'serious voter fraud' in New Hampshire |publisher=PolitiFact |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |date=November 28, 2016 |first=Ella |last=Nilsen}}
63. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/california/statements/2016/nov/28/donald-trump/pants-fire-trumps-claim-about-california-voter-fra/ |title=Pants On Fire for Trump's claim about California voter fraud |publisher=PolitiFact |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |date=November 28, 2016 |first=Chris |last=Nichols}}
64. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-voter-fraud-virginia-new-hampshire-california-2016-11 |title=States where Trump claims 'serious voter fraud' took place deny 'unfounded' allegation |work=Business Insider |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |date=November 28, 2016 |first=Allan |last=Smith}}
65. ^{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's Pants on Fire claim that millions of illegal votes cost him popular vote victory |publisher=PolitiFact |date=November 28, 2016 |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/nov/28/donald-trump/donald-trumps-pants-fire-claim-millions-illegal-vo/ |access-date=March 30, 2018 |first=Louis |last=Jacobson}}
66. ^{{cite news |date=January 25, 2017 |title=Trump Claims Without Evidence that 3 to 5 Million Voted Illegally, Vows Investigation |publisher=Snopes.com |url=https://www.snopes.com/news/2017/01/25/trump-claims-3-to-5-million-illegal-votes/ |accessdate=March 30, 2018}}
67. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/02/politics/justice-department-trump-tower-wiretap/index.html |title=Justice Department: No evidence Trump Tower was wiretapped |first=Deirdre |last=Walsh |accessdate=November 21, 2018}}
68. ^{{cite news |url=https://lawandcrime.com/high-profile/trump-admin-says-there-is-no-evidence-obama-wiretapped-trump/|title=Trump Admin Says There is No Evidence Obama Wiretapped Trump|website=lawandcrime.com|accessdate=November 21, 2018}}
69. ^1 {{cite news |date=June 7, 2018 |last=Boot |first=Max |authorlink=Max Boot |title=Trump just keeps on lying — because it works |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/06/07/trump-just-keeps-on-lying-because-it-works/ |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}
70. ^{{cite news |date=February 2, 2018 |last=Wilber |first=Del Quentin |authorlink=Del Quentin Wilber |title=Inside the FBI Life of Peter Strzok and Lisa Page, as Told in Their Text Messages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/inside-the-fbi-life-of-peter-strzok-and-lisa-page-as-told-in-their-text-messages-1517589380 |work=The Wall Street Journal |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}
71. ^{{cite web |title=FBI Director James B. Comey's termination: Letters from the White House, Attorney General |url=https://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/documents/politics/fbi-director-james-b-comeys-termination-letters-from-the-white-house-attorney-general/2430/ |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=20 February 2019}}
72. ^{{cite web |last1=Gambacorta |first1=David |title=Rod Rosenstein: The one man standing in Trump’s way is the president’s polar opposite |url=https://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/presidential/rod-rosenstein-trump-russia-investigation-robert-mueller-20180924.html |website=philly.com |accessdate=20 February 2019}}
73. ^{{cite web |last1=Blake |first1=Aaron |title=9 times the Trump team denied something — and then confirmed it |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/08/02/7-things-the-trump-team-denied-and-then-later-confirmed/?utm_term=.aa39e9c1d2db |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=20 February 2019}}
74. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Cohen |first1=Marshall |last2=Fossum |first2=Sam |last3=Steck |first3=Em |last4=Yellin |first4=Tal |title=How Team Trump keeps changing its story in the Russia investigation |url=https://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2019/politics/trump-team-russia-then-now/index.html |publisher=CNN |accessdate=20 February 2019}}
75. ^{{cite web |last1=Graham |first1=David |title=Trump: 'Regardless of Recommendation, I Was Going to Fire Comey' |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/05/trump-regardless-of-recommendation-i-was-going-to-fire-comey/526362/ |work=The Atlantic |accessdate=20 February 2019}}
76. ^{{cite web |last1=Shabad |first1=Rebecca |title=Trump says he planned to fire James Comey regardless of DOJ recommendation |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-says-he-planned-to-fire-james-comey-regardless-of-doj-recommendation/ |publisher=CBS News |accessdate=20 February 2019}}
77. ^{{cite web |last1=Blake |first1=Aaron |title=Trump’s fanciful, falsehood-filled AP interview, annotated |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/10/17/trumps-fanciful-falsehood-filled-ap-interview-annotated/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.3f18fce82cc2#annotations:15596176 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=20 February 2019}}
78. ^{{cite web |last1=Boyer |first1=Dave |title=Trump: Cohen a 'liar' and 'weak person,' asserts he could do business as a candidate |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/29/donald-trump-says-cohen-weak-person-asserts-he-was/ |work=The Washington Times |accessdate=20 February 2019}}
79. ^{{cite news |date=May 23, 2018 |last=Bump |first=Philip |title=There is no evidence for 'Spygate' — but there is a reason Trump invented it |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/05/23/there-is-no-evidence-for-spygate-but-there-is-a-reason-that-trump-invented-it/ |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=June 1, 2018 }}
80. ^1 {{cite news |title=With 'Spygate,' Trump Shows How He Uses Conspiracy Theories to Erode Trust |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/28/us/politics/trump-conspiracy-theories-spygate.html |last=Davis |first=Julie Hirschfeld |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |work=The New York Times |date=May 28, 2018 |accessdate=May 29, 2018}}
81. ^{{cite news |date=May 25, 2018 |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |title="Spygate," the false allegation that the FBI had a spy in the Trump campaign, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/5/25/17380212/spygate-trump-russia-spy-stefan-halper-fbi-explained |work=Vox |accessdate=June 2, 2018 }}
82. ^{{cite news |date=May 23, 2018 |last=Tatum |first=Sophie |title=Carter Page: I 'never found anything unusual' in conversations with FBI source |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/22/politics/carter-page-fbi-informant-cnn-tv/index.html |publisher=CNN |accessdate=June 2, 2018 }}
83. ^{{cite news |author=The Editorial Board |title=Confirmed: Brett Kavanaugh Can't Be Trusted |website=The New York Times |date=September 7, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/07/opinion/editorials/brett-kavanaugh-confirmation-hearings.html |access-date=September 8, 2018}}
84. ^{{cite news |work=The New York Times |date=October 22, 2018 |author=The Editorial Board |title=Donald Trump Is Lyin' Up a Storm |accessdate=November 14, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/22/opinion/editorials/transgender-trump-lies-midterm-election.html}}
85. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/21/politics/fact-check-trump-says-mueller-investigation-is-illegal/index.html|title=Fact-check: Trump claims Mueller investigation 'illegal,' ignoring multiple court rulings|first=Holmes Lybrand and Marshall Cohen|last=CNN|website=CNN}}
86. ^{{cite web |last1=Dukakis |first1=Ali |title=Appeals court says special counsel Robert Mueller 'properly appointed'; orders ex-Stone aide to testify |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/appeals-court-mueller-properly-appointed-orders-stone-aide/story?id=61327058 |publisher=ABC News |accessdate=23 March 2019}}
87. ^{{cite web |last1=Hernandez |first1=Laura |title=Trump sees a 'complete and total exoneration' |url=https://www.newsday.com/news/nation/trump-mueller-investigation-1.28918759 |work=Newsday |accessdate=25 March 2019}}
88. ^{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Allan |title=Justice Department's findings a 'complete and total exoneration,' Trump responds |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/justice-department-s-findings-total-complete-exoneration-white-house-responds-n986756 |publisher=NBC News |accessdate=25 March 2019}}
89. ^{{cite web |last1=Kessler |first1=Glenn |last2=Fox |first2=Joe |title=The false claims that Trump keeps repeating |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/fact-checker-most-repeated-disinformation/ |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=23 March 2019}}
90. ^{{cite news |last=Burman |first=Tony |authorlink=Tony Burman |date=February 11, 2017 |title=With Trump, the media faces a yuuge challenge |website=Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2017/02/11/with-trump-the-media-faces-a-yuuge-challenge.html |accessdate=February 12, 2017}}
91. ^{{cite news |last=Parker |first=Ashley |authorlink=Ashley Parker |title=President Trump seems to be saying more and more things that aren't true |website=The Washington Post |date=June 19, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/president-trump-seems-to-be-saying-more-and-more-things-that-arent-true/2018/06/19/c1bb8af6-73d5-11e8-805c-4b67019fcfe4_story.html |access-date=August 26, 2018}}
92. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-facts-behind-donald-trumps-many-falsehoods/2016/08/01/0571b048-582d-11e6-831d-0324760ca856_story.html|title=The facts behind Donald Trump's many falsehoods|last=Milbank|first=Dana|date=August 1, 2016|work=The Washington Post|access-date=April 2, 2018|authorlink=Dana Milbank}}
93. ^{{cite news |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |title=Meet the Bottomless Pinocchio, a new rating for a false claim repeated over and over again |website=The Washington Post |date=December 10, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/10/meet-bottomless-pinocchio-new-rating-false-claim-repeated-over-over-again/ |access-date=January 16, 2019}}
94. ^{{cite news |last=Prentice |first=Robert |date=February 10, 2017 |title=Being a liar doesn't mean you can't be a good president, but this is crazy |website=The Dallas Morning News |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2017/02/10/liar-mean-good-president-crazy |accessdate=February 12, 2017}}
95. ^1 {{cite web | last=Kessler | first=Glenn | title=A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018 | website=The Washington Post | date=December 30, 2018 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/ | access-date=February 20, 2019}}
96. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/personalities/donald-trump/|title=Donald Trump's file|last=|first=|date=|work=|accessdate=March 27, 2019|publisher=PolitiFact}}
97. ^{{cite news |first=Angie Drobnic |last=Holan |authorlink=Angie Drobnic Holan |first2=Linda |last2=Qiu |title=2015 Lie of the Year: Donald Trump's campaign misstatements |publisher=PolitiFact |date=December 21, 2015 |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/ |accessdate=February 23, 2017}}
98. ^{{cite news |date=n.d. |title=Donald Trump archive |url=http://www.factcheck.org/person/donald-trump/ |publisher=FactCheck.org |accessdate=February 10, 2017}}
99. ^{{cite news |last=Jackson |first=Brooks |title=100 Days of Whoppers. |publisher=FactCheck.org |date=April 29, 2017 |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2017/04/100-days-whoppers/ |access-date=August 26, 2018}}
100. ^1 {{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/04/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/ | title=President Trump has made 9,014 false or misleading claims over 773 days | work=The Washington Post | date=March 4, 2019 | accessdate=March 4, 2019 | first=Glenn | last=Kessler | first2=Salvador | last2=Rizzo | first3=Meg | last3=Kelly}}
101. ^{{cite web |title=Every false claim Donald Trump has made as president |url=http://projects.thestar.com/donald-trump-fact-check/ |last1=Dale |first1=Daniel |work=The Toronto Star |accessdate=4 March 2019}}
102. ^{{cite news |last=Cillizza |first=Chris |title=People don't think Donald Trump is honest or trustworthy. And they never really have. |publisher=CNN |date=September 11, 2018 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/11/politics/trump-honest-and-trustworthy/index.html | access-date=December 26, 2018}}
103. ^1 {{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |date=April 29, 2017 |website=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html}}
104. ^1 {{cite news |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Lee |title=President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |date=May 1, 2017 |website=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/}}
105. ^{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump |date=June 22, 2017 |website=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html}}
106. ^{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Kessler |first2=Glenn |authorlink2=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last3=Kelly |first3=Meg |title=President Trump has made 1,318 false or misleading claims over 263 days |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days |work=The Washington Post |date=October 10, 2017 |accessdate=November 5, 2017}}
107. ^{{cite news |work=The Washington Post |date=December 20, 2018 |title=In 700 days, President Trump has made 7,546 false or misleading claims |accessdate=December 22, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-claims-database/ |archivedate=December 21, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221101414/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-claims-database/}}
108. ^{{cite news |work=The Washington Post |date=September 13, 2018 |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made more than 5,000 false or misleading claims |accessdate=October 16, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/}}
109. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Dale |first=Daniel |title=Trump has said 1,340,330 words as president. They're getting more dishonest, a Star study shows |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2018/07/14/trump-has-said-1340330-words-as-president-theyre-getting-more-dishonest-a-star-study-shows.html |accessdate=July 14, 2018 |work=Toronto Star |date=July 14, 2018}}
110. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/reader-center/donald-trump-lies-falsehoods.html |title=Lies? False Claims? When Trump's Statements Aren't True |date=June 25, 2018 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}
111. ^{{cite news |last=Dale |first=Daniel |title=Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn't worked |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html |accessdate=July 14, 2018 |work=Toronto Star |date=December 22, 2017}}

Further reading

  • "Trump and the Truth", a series of 14 articles by different authors in The New Yorker, starting September 2, 2016.
  • "Our Dishonest President", a seven-part series by The Times Editorial Board, Los Angeles Times, starting April 2, 2017.
  • Simon Blackburn, On Truth
  • Amanda Carpenter, Gaslighting America: Why We Love It When Trump Lies to Us, Broadside Books, 2018. {{isbn|978-0-06274-800-3}}
  • Michiko Kakutani, The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump
  • Lee C. McIntyre, Post-Truth
Fact-checker archives
  • PolitiFact
  • FactCheck.org
  • [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/category/donald-trump/ The Washington Post]
  • Toronto Star
{{Donald Trump}}

5 : Criticism of Donald Trump|Deception|Donald Trump|Truth|Virtue
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/12 4:33:23