| 词条 | Vera Lebedeva |
| 释义 |
|name = Vera Lebedeva |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_name = Vera Pavlovna Lebedeva |birth_date = {{birth date|1881|8|18|df=y}} |birth_place = Nizhny Novgorod, Russia |death_date = {{death year and age|1968|1881}} |death_place = |workplaces = Central Institute for Maternity and Child Protection |alma_mater = Women's Medical Institute |main_interests = infant mortality }} Vera Pavlovna Lebedeva ({{Lang-ru|Вера Лебедева Павловна}}; September 18, 1881 – 1968) was a Soviet physician known for her political activity and her successful efforts to reduce infant mortality in the nation. Early life and educationLebedeva was born in Nizhny Novgorod in 1881; her father, a cook, died in 1892, leaving the family dependent on charity. Despite this, Lebedeva graduated from the gymnasium and earned a gold medal, then took a job as a schoolteacher in a rural area. By 1901, she was financially stable enough to attend the Women's Medical Institute in St. Petersburg, but was expelled twice due to her political activities. She eloped to Finland with a Bolshevik and fled to Geneva in the interim, but graduated from the Institute in 1910.[1] CareerThough she was fired from her first job as a district physician in Russia for political activity, Lebedeva soon returned to Geneva, where her political views were more accepted. Beginning in 1912, she was an obstetrician/gynecologist in Geneva. In 1917 she became a Bolshevik and came back to the nascent Soviet Union for good. Her first position in the new country was as the director of the Central Institute for Protection of Motherhood and Infancy; she chaired that institute from 1918 to 1930.[2] There, she instituted the world's first public health program aimed at reducing infant mortality.[1] The innovative program consisted of a network of nurseries and preschools, each staffed with a qualified pediatrician who could monitor the children's health and advise parents. The program was very successful.[1] She also supported legalized abortion as a positive policy that supported women in the workforce.[3] Lebedeva also worked to procure donations from the Rockefeller Foundation for Soviet relief campaigns.[4] In 1924, she attended a congress of the Medical Women's International Association. During this time she also ran the American Medical Women's Association's medical relief efforts in the Caucasus region. Lebedeva's career in public health grew as she was charged with researching disabilities (from 1931–1934), and then as a state public health inspector, from 1934–1938. For the next 12 years, she directed Moscow's Central Institute of Advanced Training for Physicians.[1] HonorsLebedeva was awarded the Order of the Red Flag of Labor and the Order of Lenin, the latter three times.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Ogilvie|first1=Marilyn|last2=Harvey|first2=Joy|title=The biographical dictionary of women in science|date=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=New York [u.a.]|isbn=0415920388}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lebedeva, Vera}}2. ^{{cite book|url=http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1529&context=etd|title=Childcare manuals and construction of motherhood in Russia, 1890–1990 (PhD dissertation)|first=Natalia |last=Chernyaeva|publisher=University of Iowa|year=2009|accessdate=22 November 2015|page=93}} (footnote 23) 3. ^{{Cite book|title = Doctors, Politics and Society: Historical Essays|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QII0U7awbCAC|publisher = Rodopi|date = 1993-01-01|isbn = 9051835108|first = Dorothy|last = Porter|first2 = Roy|last2 = Porter}} 4. ^{{Cite book|title = Rockefeller Philanthropy and Modern Biomedicine: International Initiatives from World War I to the Cold War|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=D02LIaA1rcEC|publisher = Indiana University Press|date = 2002-11-21|isbn = 0253109604|first = William H.|last = Schneider}} 7 : Soviet obstetricians and gynaecologists|Soviet women|1881 births|1968 deaths|Recipients of the Order of Lenin|20th-century women scientists|People from Nizhny Novgorod |
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