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词条 Vietnamese numismatic charm
释义

  1. References

  2. Sources

  3. Further reading

Vietnamese numismatic charms (Vietnamese: Bùa Việt Nam; Hán tự: 越南符銭; Chữ Nôm: 符越南),{{sfn|Greenbaum|2006|p=1}} also known as Vietnamese amulets, Vietnamese talismans, or simply Vietnamese charms, refer to a family of cash coin-like and other numismatic inspired types of charms that like the Japanese and Korean variants are derived from Chinese numismatic charms (also referred to as Yansheng coins or huāqián), but have evolved around the customs of the Vietnamese culture although most of these charms resemble Vietnamese cash coins and the amulet coins of China.[1] These "coins" were used at temples, as tokens within the imperial palace, and as everyday charms with supposed magical power such as having the ability to curse evil spirits and bogies.[2] Some of these charms contained the inscriptions of real circulating cash coins but with added imagery.[3]

Inscriptions on Vietnamese numismatic charms can be written in Chinese, Taoist "magic" writing, Devanagari, pseudo-Devanagari, Chữ Nôm, and Latin scripts. Common inscriptions include Trường Mạng Phú Quý (長命富貴), Chính Đức Thông Bảo (正德通寶), and Châu Nguyên Thông Bảo (周元通寶).{{sfn|Greenbaum|2006}}

Like with Chinese numismatic Buddhist charms there are Vietnamese numismatic Buddhist charms that contain Sanskrit inscriptions, however some of these Buddhist amulets from Vietnam contain only Sanskrit syllables associated with certain sounds but without meaning, these meaningless inscriptions were presumably borrowed from Chinese monks who used them as religious iconography.[4]

During the 60th birthday of Revival Lê dynasty Emperor Lê Hiển Tông in 1774 a special Vạn Thọ Thông Bảo (萬夀通寶) amulet was cast, these charms were often used to commemorate the birthday of an emperor as had happened in the Qing dynasty with the 60th birthdays of Chinese emperors. The reason these charms are cast on this particular event is because 60 years symbolises a complete cycle of the 10 heavenly stems and the 12 earthly branches.[5][6]

Under the Nguyễn dynasty era Emperor Minh Mạng large (often 48 millimeters in diameter) presentation coins with the inscription Minh Mạng Thông Bảo (明命通寶) were made that featured inscriptions from the Huainanzi on their reverse, it is believed that this work was chosen because it states that a monarch or ruler should embrace both Confucianism and Taoism and attain sagehood. Because the term Minh Mạng (Hán tự: 明命) can also be translated as "bright life" or "intelligent decree" the inscription Minh Mạng Thông Bảo is commonly used on Vietnamese numismatic charms.[7][8]

During the Vietnam war era Vietnamese numismatic charms with cash coin inscriptions were produced in large numbers as souvenirs for foreigners interested in antiques. In large South Vietnamsee cities like Saigon, Da Nang, and Huế, these charms usually sold for $1 or $2. They bore inscriptions of authentic Vietnamese cash coins like Quang Trung Thông Bảo (光中通寶), Gia Long Thông Bảo (嘉隆通寶), and Minh Mạng Thông Bảo (明命通寶),[9] but many also contained fantasy inscriptions like Quang Trung Trọng Bảo (光中重寶),[10] Hàm Nghi Trọng Bảo (咸宜重寶),[11] and Khải Định Trọng Bảo (啓定重寶),[12] the latter of which being based on the Khải Định Thông Bảo (啓定通寶).

References

1. ^BLANCHARD Raphaël et BUI Van Quy, "Sur une collection d'amulettes chinoises", Revue d'Anthropologie, juillet-août 1918, pp. 131-172. (in French)
2. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.transasiart.com/Numismatique/numismatique_chine/amulettes/monnaies%20amulettes/ncnamuma.htm|title= Monnaies amulettisées (Charm coins).|date=14 September 2015|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= François Thierry de Crussol (TransAsiart)|language=fr}}
3. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.charm.ru/library/vietnamgate.htm|title= Vietnamese large Minh-mang thong bao charm.|date=12 May 1998|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= Vladimir Belyaev and Sergey Shevtcov (Charm.ru - Chinese Coinage Website).|language=en}}
4. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.transasiart.com/Numismatique/numismatique_chine/amulettes/religieuses/ncnamurelvn01.htm|title= Amulette bouddhique vietnamienne (Vietnamese bouddhist charm) § Amulette vietnamienne en sanscrit.|date=14 September 2015|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= François Thierry de Crussol (TransAsiart)|language=fr}}
5. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.transasiart.com/Numismatique/numismatique_vietnam/letrunghung/nvnlth04b.htm|title= Vạn Thọ thông bảo 萬夀通寶 de Cảnh Hưng 景興 (1774).|date=14 September 2015|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= François Thierry de Crussol (TransAsiart)|language=fr}}
6. ^ Albert Schroeder, Annam, Études numismatiques, n°589. (in French)
7. ^{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/11/29/the-huainanzi-and-vietnamese-coins/ |title= The Huainanzi and Vietnamese Coins.|date=29 November 2011|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}
8. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.charm.ru/library/minhmanghuge.htm|title= Huge Vietnamese charm - Minh Mang Thong Bao.|date=1998|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= Vladimir Belyaev (Charm.ru - Chinese Coinage Website).|language=en}}
9. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.charm.ru/library/vietnamcharm.htm|title= Vietnamese charms in Vietnam War era.|date=29 April 1998|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= Tony Luc (Charm.ru - Chinese Coinage Website).|language=en}}
10. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.charm.ru/library/quangtrungcharm.htm|title= Charms with Quang Trung's Reign Title.|date=2 May 1998|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= Tony Luc and Vladimir Belyaev (Charm.ru - Chinese Coinage Website).|language=en}}
11. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.charm.ru/library/hamnghicharm.htm|title= Charms with Ham Nghi's Reign Title.|date=30 April 1998|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= Tony Luc and Vladimir Belyaev (Charm.ru - Chinese Coinage Website).|language=en}}
12. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.charm.ru/library/khaidinhcharm.htm|title= Khai Dinh Trong Bao charm.|date=29 April 1998|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= Tony Luc and Vladimir Belyaev (Charm.ru - Chinese Coinage Website).|language=en}}

Sources

  • [https://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=87111 Amulets of Vietnam] by Craig Greenbaum. Published: 2006. Retrieved: 16 August 2018.

Further reading

{{Commonscat|Vietnamese numismatic charms}}
  • [https://www.academia.edu/414966/Amulettes_de_Chine_et_du_Vietnam_1987_ Amulettes de Chine et du Viet-Nam, 1987] by François Thierry de Crussol (Academia.edu, in French)
{{Asian numismatic charms}}{{Vietnamese currency and coinage}}

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