“Anemone quinquefolia”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Anemone quinquefolia

释义

Description
Taxonomy
Synonyms Varieties
References
External links

{{speciesbox
|image = Anemone quinquefolia.jpg
|genus = Anemone
|species = quinquefolia
|authority = L.^[1]
|synonyms = See text
}}

Anemone quinquefolia is an early-spring flowering plant in the genus Anemone, native to North America. It is commonly called wood anemone, like Anemone nemorosa, a closely related European species. The American species has been treated as a subspecies of Anemone nemorosa.

Description

It is a perennial herbaceous plant, growing in early spring to {{cvt|5|-|30|cm|0}} tall, and dying back down to the root-like rhizomes by mid summer. The rhizomes spread just below the soil surface and grow quickly, contributing to its rapid spread in woodland conditions, where it can carpet large areas. The flower has five (occasionally four, or six to nine) petal-like segments (actually sepals)^[3] that are {{cvt|6|-|25|mm|2}} long and {{cvt|4|-|8|mm|2}} wide. The flowers are usually white, but sometimes pink, or with a pink base and white tip, or with a white base and a pink or blue tip.

The leaves are in three parts with deeply lobed lateral leaflets, giving the appearance of five leaflets. The leaf veins are branched and not parallel.

Taxonomy

Anemone quinquefolia was named in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. He described it as having leaves with five oval serrated parts;^[2] hence the species epithet quinquefolia, meaning "five-leaved".

Anemone quinquefolia is part of a species complex that includes A. grayi, A. lancifolia, A. lyallii, A. oregana and A. piperi.

Synonyms

Anemone quinquefolia has a number of synonyms. These include:^[1]{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

Anemone pedata {{small|Raf.}}
Anemonanthea quinquefolia {{small|(L.) Nieuwl.}}
Anemonoides quinquefolia {{small|(L.) Holub}}

It has also been treated as part of Anemone nemorosa under the names:^[1]

Anemone nemorosa

subsp. americana {{small|Ulbr.}}
var. bifolia {{small|(Farw.) B.Boivin}}
f. glabriuscula {{small|G.Lawson}}
f. nitida {{small|G.Lawson}}
f. quinquefolia {{small|(L.) G.Lawson}}
var. quinquefolia {{small|(L.) Pursh}}
var. quinquefolia {{small|(L.) Ulbr.}}
f. trifoliata {{small|Ulbr.}}

Varieties

The Flora of North America and The Plant List accept only two varieties:^[1]

Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia {{small|(DC.) Frodin}} – grows over the entire species range
Anemone quinquefolia var. minima – grows in North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia.

The two are distinguished mainly by the size of the achene (the fruit), the body of which is {{convert|2.5|–|3|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} in var. minima as compared to {{convert|3|–|4.5|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} in var. quinquefolia.

Other sources accept further varieties, e.g. A. quinquefolia var. bifolia.^[3]

References

1. ^¹²³{{ThePlantList |accessdate=2014-05-28}}
2. ^{{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carolus |date=1753 |title=Species Plantarum |volume=1 |page=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358106#page/553/mode/1up 541] |quote={{lang|la|foliis quinatis ovalibus serratis|italics=unset}} }}
3. ^{{PLANTS|symbol=ANQU |taxon=Anemone quinquefolia}}
4. ^¹{{Minnesota Wildflowers|flower/wood-anemone|Anemone quinquefolia (Wood Anemone) Minnesota Wildflowers}}

^[4]
}}

External links

{{Connecticut Plants|31 |link=1}}

4 : Anemone|Ephemeral plants|Flora of North America|Plants described in 1753

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