| 词条 | Vivian Burey Marshall |
| 释义 |
| name = Vivian "Buster" Burey Marshall | image = | alt = Vivian "Buster" Burey Marshall | caption = | birth_name = Vivian Burey | birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|02|11}} | birth_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | death_date = {{Death date and age|1955|02|11|1911|02|11}} | death_place = | nationality = United States | other_names = Vivien Burey Marshall, Buster | alma_mata = University of Pennsylvania | occupation = Civil rights activist. | years_active = | notable_works = | spouse = Thurgood Marshall }} Vivian "Buster" Burey Marshall (February 11, 1911 – February 11, 1955) was an American civil rights activist and was married for 25 years until her death to Thurgood Marshall, lead counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, who also managed Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Following her death, her husband was later appointed as the first African-American U.S. Supreme Court Justice. BiographyVivian Burey was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on February 11, 1911.[1] She grew up in a middle-class black family; her parents Christopher and Maud Burey worked in catering in the city.[2] She attended local schools. She met Thurgood Marshall at age eighteen,[3][4][5] while she was a student at the University of Pennsylvania and he was a student at nearby Lincoln University. Marshall married Thurgood Marshall on September 4, 1929, during Marshall's last year at Lincoln. Marshall is credited with helping her husband become a better student.[6] Marshall's husband graduated cum laude and went on to graduate first in his law class at Howard University. [7] Upon meeting his family after they were engaged, Marshall was warned by his uncle to avoid Marshall because he was a bum, and would "always be a bum."[6] After Marshall's husband graduated from college in 1930, they moved to Baltimore where Marshall worked as a secretary.[7] Burey had several miscarriages during her marriage and never had any children.[3] Her husband had some affairs.[5] After Marshall's husband completed law school, they moved to New York. In the mid-1940s he served as legal counsel for the NAACP, which was then based in New York. Marshall also worked at the NAACP, alongside other civil rights activists such as Edward W. Jacko and Jawn A. Sandifer.[8] In the 1950s, Marshall was diagnosed with flu or pleurisy, but was sick for months. She eventually learned that she had lung cancer.[3] She hid her sickness from her husband for months, as he was leading the case of Brown v. Board of Education at the US Supreme Court. After it ruled on May 17, 1954, Marshall told her husband about her illness.[7] Richard Kluger credits Burey with being one of two people who had been indirectly active but important influencers of the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in his book, Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's Struggle for Equality (2011).[9] Marshall died of lung cancer on February 11, 1955, her 44th birthday, after 25 years of marriage.[10] Marshall's huband remarried in December 1955, to Cecilia Suyat, a woman who worked as a secretary at the NAACP headquarters.[11] LegacyNamed in her memory, the Vivian Burey Marshall Academy was founded in 2016 as a program of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. It pairs students with U.S. Army scientists and engineers to encourage their studies in STEM. [12] It serves students grades 6-10 in the Baltimore, Maryland and Vicksburg, Mississippi areas with a focus on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) learning programs.[13] The 2017 movie Marshall, is a Thurgood Marshall biopic about his early career, directed by Reginald Hudlin. It featured Keesha Sharp as Vivian Marshall.[4] References1. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/marshall/|title=The Marshall Movie vs. the True Story of Thurgood Marshall and the Joseph Spell Case|work=HistoryvsHollywood.com|access-date=2018-04-24}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Marshall, Vivian Burey}}2. ^{{Cite book|title=Young Thurgood: The Making of a Supreme Court Justice|last=Gibson|first=Larry S.|publisher=Prometheus Books|year=2012|isbn=1616145722|location=|pages=}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/thurgood-marshall-1779842|title=All About Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall|work=ThoughtCo|access-date=2018-04-24}} 4. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/true-story-marshall-how-accurate-are-characters-1045495/item/vivian-buster-burey-portrayed-by-keesha-sharp-1045524|title=Vivian "Buster" Burey, portrayed by Keesha Sharp - 'Marshall': 8 of the Film's Stars and Their Real-Life Inspirations|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2018-04-24|language=en}} 5. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=3bMUotdffagC&oi=fnd&pg=PA4&dq=Vivien+%22Buster%22+Burey+Marshall&ots=zgf4ht31iC&sig=94kjUdl0nDavLtgEjwql_N3McKA#v=onepage&q=Buster&f=false|title=Thurgood Marshall|last=Horn|first=Geoffrey M.|date=2004|publisher=Gareth Stevens|isbn=9780836850987|language=en}} 6. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.larouchepub.com/eiw/public/1993/eirv20n18-19930507/eirv20n18-19930507_056-thurgood_marshall_in_his_own_wor.pdf|title=Thurgood Marshall in his own words|last=Roberts|first=Sanford|date=May 7, 1993|website=Executive Intelligence Review (EIR)|publisher=Executive Intelligence Review |volume= 20|number=18|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-04-26}} 7. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UwWExjnyfoMC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=Thurgood+Marshall+Alpha+Phi&source=bl&ots=ajzp8mKRZb&sig=NSebyIgHFxT_nSfoc3CItB_-xa4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dNxkUMu8FYuhyAGQxoFA&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=vivian&f=false|title=Thurgood Marshall: A Biography: A Biography|last=Starks|first=Glenn L.|last2=Brooks|first2=F. Erik|date=2012-04-06|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313349171|language=en}} 8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BQaTBgAAQBAJ&dq|title=Black Muslims and the Law: Civil Liberties from Elijah Muhammad to Muhammad Ali|last=Crawford|first=Malachi D.|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2015|isbn=073918489X|location=|pages=50|via=Google Books}} 9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfCR4bzR_3UC&dq|title=Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's Struggle for Equality|last=Kluger|first=Richard|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|year=2011|isbn=030754608X|location=|pages=73|via=Google Books}} 10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Brock|first=Paul|date=1993-02-01|title=The Birth of An Ugly Notion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QlkEAAAAMBAJ&dq|journal=The Crisis|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc. and NAACP|volume=Vol. 100|issue=No. 2|pages=32|issn=0011-1422|via=Google Books}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/thurgood-marshalls-interracial-love-i-dont-care-what-people-think-im-marrying-you/2016/08/18/84f636be-54d5-11e6-bbf5-957ad17b4385_story.html|title=Thurgood Marshall’s interracial love: ‘I don’t care what people think. I’m marrying you.’|last=Brown|first=DeNeen L.|date=2016-08-18|work=Washington Post|access-date=2018-04-24|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}} 12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcf.org/our-programs/k-12-education/vivian-burey-marshall-academy|title=Vivian Burey Marshall Academy {{!}} Thurgood Marshall College Fund|work=Thurgood Marshall College Fund|access-date=2018-04-24|language=en-US}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2016/01/09/vicksburg-tapped-for-stem-project/|title=Vicksburg tapped for STEM project|last=|first=|date=2016-01-08|website=The Vicksburg Post|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-04-25}} 5 : 1911 births|1955 deaths|University of Pennsylvania alumni|Activists for African-American civil rights|National Association for the Advancement of Colored People activists |
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