| 词条 | Walter L. Reed |
| 释义 |
|name=Walter Lawrence Reed |birth_date={{birth date|1877|12|4}} |death_date={{death date and age|1956|5|1|1877|12|4}} |birth_place=Fort Apache, Arizona |death_place=Walter Reed Army Medical Center Washington, DC |placeofburial=Arlington National Cemetery |placeofburial_label=Place of burial |image=Walter_Lawrence_Reed.png |caption=Major General Walter Lawrence Reed, US Army |nickname=Lawrence |allegiance={{flag|United States of America}} |branch= United States Army |serviceyears=1898–1940 1942–1946 |rank= Major General |commands=Company A, 10th Infantry Regiment Company C, 10th Infantry Regiment Company M, 10th Infantry Regiment 12th Infantry Regiment |battles=Spanish–American War World War I World War II |awards=Distinguished Service Medal with 1 Oak Leaf Cluster |relations=Major Walter Reed, (father) |laterwork= |signature_alt=Cursive signature in ink }}Walter Lawrence Reed (December 4, 1877 – May 1, 1956) was a Major General in the United States Army who served as Inspector General of the Army from December 1, 1935 to December 23, 1939. His father was Army Medical Corps officer Major Walter Reed, namesake of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center.[1] Major General Reed died in the Walter Reed Army Medical Center.[2] Early lifeReed was born in Fort Apache, Arizona, on December 4, 1877,[1] to parents Walter Reed and Emilie Lawrence.[3][4] He traveled with his family, being educated in the District of Columbia Public Schools and at the Randolph Macon Academy. Reed then worked in Washington, D.C. for several years as the bookkeeper of a fuel dealer.[1]{{Rp|509–511}} Early military serviceReed applied for a direct commission in early 1898, but upon the outbreak of the Spanish–American War on June 17, 1898, he enlisted in C Battery, 2nd Artillery, at Washington Barracks. He served at Fort Warren in Massachusetts, rising to the rank of a quartermaster sergeant. After three months, the battery was deployed to serve in the occupation of Cuba. In May 1899, Reed was transferred to N Battery as a first sergeant. He applied for a commission in 1900. With the support of his battery and regiment commanders, George M. Sternberg, Joseph Wheeler, and Leonard Wood, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 10th Infantry Regiment on 25 July. While there, Reed met Eli A. Helmick, who he developed a close friendship with.[1]{{Rp|509–511}} In February 1901, the regiment left Cuba, and at Fort Robinson in Nebraska he was made quartermaster and commissary of the 2nd Battalion. In March, the unit was deployed to the Philippines, participated in the Lake Lanao Operations, and was garrisoned at Cotabato City. At Cotabato City, Reed served as provost and town treasurer. He was then reassigned to Company G on ll December 1902 and returned to the Presidio of San Francisco in February 1903. Reed was promoted to first lieutenant in January 1904 and took command of Company M in April. In June he took command of Company A at Fort Lawton in Washington.[1]{{Rp|509–511}} Reed next commanded a training company and escorted groups to their new units at Columbus Barracks, Ohio, from February 1906 until rejoining his regiment in August 1908 at Fort Benjamin Harrison in Indiana. Before being made a post exchange officer in December, he was a regimental and post adjutant. As post exchange officer, he oversaw a retail store, a farm, and a dairy. Reed was assigned to Company C in June 1910. Until the unit was transferred to Fort Sam Houston in Texas, in March 1911, he periodically served as post or unit adjutant as well as continuing to overseeing the post exchange. From March to June the unit was part of the Maneuver Division and in September it was stationed at Camp E. S. Otis in the Panama Canal Zone. While there, Reed served as the company executive, managing its funds and mess. Inspectors of the camp credited him with "excellent business sense." After being promoted to captain in April 1914, Reed assumed command of the company in July. In October, he returned to the United States.[1]{{Rp|509–511}} Later military serviceReed was assigned as an inspector-instructor to the New Jersey National Guard in Newark and was so successful he was elected major of the 4th New Jersey lnfantry. Upon beginning the build-up in 1916 for the United States' entry into World War I, Reed was placed on several inspector teams, observing mobilized guard units in Florida and Georgia. By the end of the year Reed was a mustering officer, originally demobilizing New Jersey units, but by early 1917 he began recalling units. In July he was made a temporary major and remained with the Guard until October when he was assigned to the Inspector General's Department in Washington, DC.[1]{{Rp|509–511}} In May 1918, he was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel and assigned as the inspector of the 7th Division at Camp MacArthur in Texas. The unit deployed to France in September, and in October Reed became assistant inspector of the Second Army. In February 1919, at the request of Hemlick he was transferred to Base Section Number 5. Hemlick praised Reed, saying he "did more than any other staff officer to bring order out of the chaos that existed in the camp during the early days." He was appointed to temporary colonel in May and moved to the American Expeditionary Forces Inspector General office after the base section closed. He eventually became the inspector of the American Expeditionary Forces in France. For his work, he received the Army Distinguished Service Medal. In 1920, he returned to the United States and became a full lieutenant colonel in July.[1]{{Rp|269, 509–511}}[5] Over the next seven years, Reed attended the School of the Line in 1921, the General Staff School in 1922, the Army War College in 1923, and the Naval War College in 1924. He was then an instructor at the Naval War College until June 1928 when he was assigned as the executive officer of the 29th Infantry at Fort Benning, Georgia. In May 1930, Reed was made a full colonel. He received command of the 12th Infantry Regiment at Fort Howard in Maryland in January 1933.[1]{{Rp|509–511}} Reed was in command until being detailed to the Inspector General's Department as executive officer in October 1934. He investigated Benjamin Foulois and the Army Air Force; accusations of bribery against Alexander E. Williams. Reed was appointed Inspector General on 1 December 1935, replacing John F. Preston. As inspector general, Reed requested an additional brigadier general for the department due to its rapidly increasing caseload in 1937. The same year he was involved in identifying areas for manpower reductions in the army. Reed also investigated various U.S. property and disbursing officers for embezzlement. He toured until 23 December 1939 and retired 30 April 1940. In April 1940 Reed was recalled to active duty as a member of the War Department Personnel Board. He retired on 25 June 1946, and lived in Washington, DC until his death on 1 May 1956.[1]{{Rp|333, 371, 390, 422, 438, 509–511}}[6]{{Rp|188{{en dash}}189}} References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Walter L. Reed," in Whithorne, Joseph W. A., The Inspectors General of the United States Army, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History {{Inspectors General of the United States Army}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Reed, Walter Lawrence}}2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/other_pub/centennial/decade5GPO.pdf|title=1950–1959|last=|first=|publisher=Government Publishing Office|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20161223040738/https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/other_pub/centennial/decade5GPO.pdf|archive-date=December 23, 2016|dead-url=yes}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSMgAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Walter+Lawrence+Reed%22+%22Emilie+lawrence%22&dq=%22Walter+Lawrence+Reed%22+%22Emilie+lawrence%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj6_IHP04nhAhVuUN8KHTgSBJYQ6AEIODAE|title=Yellow jack: how yellow fever ravaged America and Walter Reed discovered its deadly secrets|last=Pierce|first=John R.|last2=Writer|first2=Jim|date=2005|publisher=J. Wiley|year=|isbn=9780471472612|location=|pages=92|language=en}} 4. ^{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/walterreedyellow00kelluoft|title=Walter Reed and yellow fever|last=Kelly|first=Howard Atwood|date=1906|publisher=Baltimore Medical Standard Book Co|others=Gerstein - University of Toronto|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=11{{en dash}}12, 256{{en dash}}257}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/18071|title=Walter Reed|last=|first=|date=|website=Military Times Hall of Valor|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-17}} 6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lQjoI0OB1vwC&pg=PA189&dq=Walter+L.+Reed+inspector+general&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwizsYyu0onhAhWQc98KHaKXAVgQ6AEIRTAF#v=onepage&q=Walter%20L.%20Reed%20inspector%20general&f=false|title=Foulois and the U.S. Army Air Corps: 1931-1935|date=1983|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=9781428916920|language=en}} 7 : 1877 births|1956 deaths|United States Army War College alumni|United States Army generals|American military personnel of World War I|American army personnel of World War II|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States) |
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