“Waluwara”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Waluwara

释义

Language
Country
Social organization
Foreign impressions
Alternative names
Notes
Citations
Sources

The Waluwara were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.

Language

The ethnonym of the people comes from the name for their language, Warluwarra,{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=188}} which is classified as one of the Ngarna languages.

Country

In Norman Tindale's schema, the Waluwara are assigned tribal lands of {{convert|7,100|mi2|km2}}. They were on the Georgina River, northwards from Roxborough Downs to Carandotta and Urandangi. Their territory took in Moonah Creek and the area in the vicinity of Rochedale. Their southwestern frontier was around Pituri Creek.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=188}}

Social organization

The Waluwara were composed of several hordes of which the following are known:-

Didjadidja. (Roxborough)
Kapula. (Carandotta)
Panggara. (Moonah Creek){{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=188}}

Foreign impressions

J. G. Edge, reporting on some words in their language, thought the Waluwara 'poor specimens of the dark race', citing as an illustration of their backwardness a lack of knowledge of the sea.{{sfn|Edge|1899a|p=68}} He was also under the impression that native lore attributed the rites of subincision in their Miki ceremony of initiation as originating in a lack of water sufficient to provide enough food to sustain their numerous children, so that a ceremony of emasculation was established.{{sfn|Edge|1899b|p=102-103}}

Alternative names

Walugara
Walukara
Elookera
Wollegarra
Waloo-kera
Warluwara
Wallawarra
Wolga. (toponym)
Walgra
Didjadidja
Kapula
Panggara/Pangara
Paringgara ('creek dwellers')
Yannalinka.(? horde name at Carandotta)
Maula{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=188}}

Notes

Citations

Sources

{{Cite book| title = The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent

| last = Curr | first = Edward Micklethwaite
| author-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr
| year = 1886
| editor-last = Curr | editor-first = Edward Micklethwaite | editor-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr
| volume = Volume 2
| publisher = J. Ferres | location = Melbourne
| url = https://archive.org/download/cu31924026093827/cu31924026093827.pdf
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Information from... Carandotta Station

| last = Edge | first = J. G.
| journal = Science of Man and Journal of the Royal Anthropological Society of Australasia
| via = Trove
| date = 22 May 1899a | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | page = 68
| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-522115960/view?partId=nla.obj-522136422#page/n16/mode/1up
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = The Mika ceremony

| last = Edge | first = J. G.
| journal = Science of Man and Journal of the Royal Anthropological Society of Australasia
| via = Trove
| date = 21 July 1899b | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | pages = 102–103
| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-522116003/view?partId=nla.obj-522142986#page/n13/mode/1up
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = Ethnological Studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines

| last = Roth | first = W. E.
| author-link = Walter Roth
| year = 1897
| publisher = Edmund Gregory, Government Printer | location = Brisbane
| url = https://archive.org/details/cu31924029890328
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| chapter = Waluwara (QLD)

| last = Tindale | first = Norman
| author-link = Norman Tindale
| year = 2015 | orig-year = First published 1974
| title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia
| publisher = South Australian Museum
| chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/waluwara.htm
| ref = {{harvid|Tindale|1974}}
}}{{refend}}{{Aboriginal peoples of Queensland}}

1 : Aboriginal peoples of Queensland

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。