| 词条 | Washa Mikael Rock Hewn Church |
| 释义 |
| denomination = Ethiopian Orthodox | name = Washa Mikael Rock Hewn Church | fullname = | image = | caption =Ruins of the Washa Mikael Rock Hewn Church | pushpin map = Ethiopia | pushpin label position = bottom | pushpin map alt = | pushpin mapsize = | map caption = Location within Ethiopia | coordinates = {{coord|9.03154|38.67113|format=dms|type:landmark_region:ET|display=inline,title}} | country = Ethiopia | location = Addis Ababa | architectural type = church | landscape = }}The Washa Mikael Rock Hewn Church (Amharic: ዋሻ ሚካኤል [wä schä mi kä el] literally "The Cave of Michael") is a rock-hewn semi-monolithic church located in the Yeka District of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Local historians and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church date it back as far as the 4th century AD pointing to its resemblance to Aksumite era churches in north of the country and to the Sabaen artifacts found in the church. They further explain that structures in and around the church show that the area was once used as a training ground for the horsemen of the Aksumite armies of King Ezana, arguing that the area was one of the territory held by the vast Kingdom of Aksum. However others have argued its origins to be more closer to the 12th century AD during the time of the Zagwe Dynesty and King Lalibela.[1] It is a popular tourist destination.[2] HistoryWasha Mikael church was constructed in the Shoan architectural style with some influences from the Aksumite style. Similar to the some of the churches of Lalibela, Washa Mikael is a rock-hewn semi-monolithic church.[3] In the 19th century, Emperor Menelik II rediscovered the structure after it was initially abandoned during the Abyssinian-Adel war. He had the Tabot of St. Michael moved from inside the church to a church he had build lower down the mountain called Yeka Mikael. He subsequently made attempts at restoring and preserving the structures of the church.[4] The church suffered damages during the heavy bombing campaigns of the Italians during the second Italo-Ethiopian War. From above the church has a "U" shape also known as the letter "ሀ" in the Ethiopian Alphabet. This shape was meant to signify the Ge'ez phrase starting with the same letter, "ሀልዎቱለ ኣብ እምከድሜ ዐለም" (Halwotule ab emkdme alem) which means “Before anything existed, God was here”. The original church stood 7 meters tall and had 7 windows which represented the 7 heavens, 7 days and 7 angels. GalleryReferences1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/ethiopia/addis-ababa/attractions/washa-mikael-church/a/poi-sig/1424128/355289|title=Washa Mikael Church|last=|first=|date=|website=Lonely Planet|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} {{Ethiopia-church-stub}}2. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.ileon.com/series/065383/etiopia-tras-las-huellas-de-pedro-paez-y-la-reina-de-saba-addis-abeba-parte-ii|title=Etiopía, tras las huellas de Pedro Páez y la reina de Saba - Addis Abeba (Parte II)|last=Lozano Alonso|first=Mario|date=August 28, 2016|work=Ilion|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 3. ^PHILLIPSON, David W., Ancient Churches of Ethiopia, New Haven, 2009. 4. ^STRACHAN/PANKHURST, Dr. Richard, The Semi-monolithic Church in Yeka – Heritage Site in Danger, Annales d’Ethiopie, Forthcoming. 1 : Churches in Ethiopia |
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