| 词条 | Waste management in Taiwan |
| 释义 |
Waste management in Taiwan refers to the management and disposal of waste in Taiwan. It is regulated by the Department of Waste Management of the Environmental Protection Administration of the Executive Yuan. HistoryIn the 1950s and 1960s, Taiwan began to industrialize.[1] In the following decades, industrialization occurred more rapidly, leading to a higher waste output.[1][2] Taiwan then became known as the Garbage Island.[3][4] To combat increased levels of waste, a recycling program began in 1989, following a 1987 amendment to the Waste Disposal Act. Recycling in Taiwan started as a private effort, but the initiative soon became overrun with fraud and other scandals due to ineffective government regulation. The private organizations and industries in charge of the program were free to falsely report recycling rates.[5][7] The government established the 3R Foundation (reduce, reuse, recycle) in 1994 to discourage instances of fraud and other scandals. Recyclables were reclassified into eight groups: containers, tires, pesticide containers, lubricant oil, lead-acid batteries, vehicles, home appliances, and communication products. Each of these materials were the responsibility of one commission, and the commissions themselves were overseen by the Environmental Protection Administration.[5][6] Taiwan's limited space to build trash incinerators and landfills were recognized as a problem,[1][7] but from the 1980s and as late as 1996, waste was freely placed in the streets for collection.[12][8] At the time, Taiwan had five incinerators in operation; at full capacity, only 10% of annual combustible waste was disposed of via incineration. Other methods of garbage disposal placed a large amount of stress on existing landfills.[9] The eight separate committees initially established by recyclable material were eventually merged into the Resource Recycling Fund Management Committee. General oversight of the recycling program has been placed under the purview of the Resource Recycling Fund Management Committee, but a separate committee handles the establishment of recycling fees, and another committee is called on to periodically audit the recycling program itself.[5][6] Waste collection and disposalPeople are responsible for bringing their own trash to the collection point.[10] In some areas such as Taipei City, nonrecyclables must be collected in colour-coded bags that can be bought at convenience stores.[3][4][11] Raw food waste is processed to be further used as fertilizer by farmers.[12] Cooked food waste is processed to be further turned into food for livestock.[3][13] Not all recyclables are collected daily; the most common recyclables have a specially designated pickup day.[14] There are 33 items considered recyclable, which in turn fall into 13 categories.[15] Garbage collection trucks are known to play music to alert people of their presence at collection points. Songs played include Tekla Bądarzewska-Baranowska's "Maiden's Prayer" and Ludwig von Beethoven's "Für Elise."[16] Starting in 2003, recycling trucks played Hou Dejian's composition, "Any Empty Wine Bottles for Sale?" as first recorded by Su Rui for the 1983 film Papa, Can You Hear Me Sing.[17] Christmas music is played during Christmas, and at Chinese New Year, recordings of Chinese traditional tunes play.[18] Local governments have occasionally changed the garbage collection song.[19][20] Other prerecorded tracks played on the trucks include short English-language lessons.[21] Power generationIn 2016, 76.8% of fly ash from coal-fired power plants in Taiwan were reused in the construction areas, totaling to 1.703 million tons. Any remaining industrial waste from power generation industries, such as wire, cables and scrap were reused by waste disposal contractors through open bidding process. In 2016, there was 4,950 tons of such waste sold, which generated a revenue of NT$533 million.[22] Recycling facilitiesIncineratorsSome notable waste incinerators in Taiwan are:
References1. ^1 2 {{cite news|agency=Pacific Economic Cooperation Council|first1=Harvey |last1=Houng|title=Policies and Measures of Waste Disposal and Treatment in Taiwan|url=https://www.pecc.org/resources/infrastructure-1/1246-towards-zero-waste-society-new-management-policies-for-solid-waste-disposal-in-chinese-taipei-1/file|accessdate=13 April 2017}} {{Waste}}2. ^{{cite news|title=Taiwan’s Recycling Boom: A Shining Example for Asia, the World|url=http://thediplomat.com/2013/12/taiwans-recycling-boom-a-shining-example-for-asia-the-world/|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=The Diplomat|date=3 December 2013}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite news|subscription=yes|last1=Chen|first1=Kathy|title=Taiwan: The World’s Geniuses of Garbage Disposal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/taiwan-the-worlds-geniuses-of-garbage-disposal-1463519134|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=Wall Street Journal|date=17 May 2016}} 4. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Rossi |first1=Marcello |title=How Taiwan Has Achieved One of the Highest Recycling Rates in the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-taiwan-has-achieved-one-highest-recycling-rates-world-180971150/ |accessdate=10 January 2019 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |date=3 January 2019}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Fan|first1=Kuo-Shuh|last2=Lin|first2=Chun-Hsu|last3=Chang|first3=Tien-Chin|title=Management and Performance of Taiwan's Waste Recycling Fund|journal=Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association|date=May 2005|volume=55|issue=5|pages=574–582|doi=10.1080/10473289.2005.10464647|issn=2162-2906}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Fan|first1=Kuo-Shuh|title=Management and Performance of Chinese Taipei’s Waste Recycling Fund|url=https://www.pecc.org/resources/infrastructure-1/1246-towards-zero-waste-society-new-management-policies-for-solid-waste-disposal-in-chinese-taipei-1/file|accessdate=13 April 2017|agency=Pacific Economic Cooperation Council}} 7. ^{{cite news|accessdate=13 April 2017|last1=Nunns|first1=Cain|title=Short on Space, Taiwan Embraces a Boom in Recycling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/30/business/international/short-on-space-taiwan-embraces-a-boom-in-recycling.html|work=New York Times|date=29 November 2013}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=EPA touts Taiwan’s successful recycling policy|url=http://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=10,23,45,10&post=19607|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=Taiwan Today|date=23 August 2012}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|title=The Art of Managing Waste|url=http://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=14,29,34,45&post=23847|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=Taiwan Today|date=1 June 1996}} 10. ^{{cite news|accessdate=13 April 2017|last1=Lee|first1=Wendy|title=Taiwan’s garbage disposal system gets praise from foreign media|url=http://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3123172|work=Taiwan News|date=22 March 2017}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Ross|first1=Julia|title=What I Picked Up About Trash in Taipei|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/29/AR2007112901887.html|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=Washington Post|date=2 December 2007}} 12. ^{{cite news|last1=Msibi|first1=Mphikeleli|title=Taiwan, the country that knows no garbage|url=https://www.pressreader.com/swaziland/swazi-observer/20161215/281792808667487|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=The Swazi Observer|date=15 December 2016}} 13. ^{{cite news|last1=Jennings|first1=Ralph|title=In Taiwan, leftover food scraps help farmers sustain porky appetites|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/mar/23/taiwan-food-waste-pork-production-farming-recycling-environment|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=The Guardian|date=23 March 2016}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Close-Up: Taiwan's musical garbage trucks|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12242914|accessdate=13 April 2017|agency=BBC|date=23 January 2011}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Workshop Materials on WEEE Management in Taiwan|url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-05/documents/handout-1a-regulations.pdf|accessdate=14 April 2017|agency=Environmental Protection Agency|date=October 2012}} 16. ^{{cite news|last1=Nien|first1=Hsiang-wan|last2=Yang|first2=Ming-yi|last3=Chin|first3=Jonathan|title=Garbage trucks disrupt classical concert|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2016/08/23/2003653697|accessdate=13 April 2017|date=23 August 2016}} 17. ^{{cite news|last1=Chiu|first1=Yu-Tzu|title=EPA changes tune in bid to promote national recycling|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/06/25/2003056629|accessdate=14 April 2017|work=Taipei Times|date=25 June 2003}} 18. ^{{cite news|last1=Hickman|first1=Matt|title=Taiwan Garbage Trucks: Classical Music Accompanies Collection (VIDEO)|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/09/taiwan-garbage-trucks-music_n_1195020.html|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=Hufffington Post|date=9 January 2012}} 19. ^{{cite news|title=Pingtung residents lamenting change of garbage truck song|url=https://chinapost.nownews.com/20101120-114094|accessdate=14 April 2017|work=China Post|date=20 November 2010}} 20. ^{{cite news|last1=Tung|first1=Chen-kuo|last2=Chiu|first2=Chih-jou|last3=Chung|first3=Jake|title=Renai Township trash collectors get a new tune|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/08/03/2003568837|accessdate=14 April 2017|work=Taipei Times|date=3 August 2013}} 21. ^{{cite news|last1=Phipps|first1=Gavin|title=Tainan's garbage is fine, thank you|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2002/09/07/167223|accessdate=14 April 2017|work=Taipei Times|date=7 September 2002}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.taipower.com.tw/upload/319/2017122614261936536.pdf|title=Taiwan Power Company Sustainability Report 2017|website=Taipower|page=108|accessdate=29 March 2018}} 2 : Environment of Taiwan|Waste management by country |
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