| 词条 | Wawatam Lighthouse |
| 释义 |
| name = Wawatam Lighthouse[1] | image_name =File:Wawatan Lighthouse 2010.jpg | caption = Wawatam Lighthouse in 2010 | location = St. Ignace, Michigan | coordinates = {{coord|45|51|57|N|84|42|55|W|region:US_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}[1] | pushpin_map = | pushpin = lighthouse | yearbuilt = 1998 | yearlit = 2006 | automated = | yeardeactivated = | foundation = | construction = | shape = octagonal | marking = White, with red trim | height = {{convert|52|feet}} | focalheight = {{convert|62|feet}}[2]{{efn-ua|The Coast Guard rates "it as 62 feet tall from the water to the focal plane (the beacon)."[4]}} | lens = | currentlens = {{convert|250|mm}} Fresnel lens | intensity = | range = {{convert|13|miles}} | characteristic = White flash 5 seconds | fogsignal = | racon = | admiralty = | canada = | NGA = | ARLHS = | USCG =7-12608 }}Wawatam Lighthouse is an automated, modern lighthouse that guards the harbor of St. Ignace, Michigan in the Straits of Mackinac. It was originally erected near Monroe, Michigan as an iconic roadside attraction in 1998, and was first lit as an aid to navigation in St. Ignace in August 2006.[1][6] HistoryThe current lighthouse was originally built in 1998 as an architectural folly at the Monroe Welcome Center on Interstate 75 near Monroe, Michigan in the southeastern corner of the state near the Ohio border. It was a functional lighthouse structure that was constructed far away from navigational waters as an element of the tourist heritage of the state.[6][8][3]{{efn-ua|"I thought it a little strange when the state erected the 52-foot-tall light tower at the Monroe Welcome Center ... on an expressway and well away from any lake. But, Michigan has many lighthouses along the Great Lakes and the state often uses iconic images of lighthouses in their advertising and chose the image as an appropriate welcome to visitors entering the state on its major north-south route."[4]}} In 2004, the Michigan Department of Transportation decided to renovate the center and declared the structure obsolete. It was scheduled to be demolished. After concerns were raised about this decision, the state government agreed that the structure should be dismantled and moved to a location where it would be useful. Serendipitously, while attending a conference for municipal officials, St. Ignace civic leaders learned of its availability.[6] They successfully applied to serve as the location of the small tower, and the lighthouse was disassembled into five pieces and trucked more than {{convert|330|miles}} from Monroe to East Moran Bay in St. Ignace.[5][6] When it was at the Welcome Center, the hexagonal tower was painted white, with green and red trim.[6][7] The original lighthouse was welded by a single man: Ed Morris, owner of the Morris Machine Shop in Bay City, Michigan, was chosen because of his skill as a welder.[6] The original plans called for a {{convert|36|foot}} tall structure, but he went to the larger height of {{convert|52|foot}} to "challenge himself".{{efn-ua|The connection to St. Ignace held special significance to Morris. His father was employed on one of the Straits of Mackinac ferries that were operated by the State of Michigan.[8]}}[9] The lighthouse was one of three that he built for Michigan Welcome Centers. The other two were at New Buffalo, Michigan and Clare, Michigan. Morris worked with eight men and it took about three months to complete the projects.[8] As Morris explained to the St. Ignace News, "His lighthouses were to be designed as museum-quality attractions at welcome centers ... to make an imposing first impression on visitors." They had a {{Convert|12|foot}} diameter base. Morris opined that anything in excess of 16 m was beyond his bailiwick.[8] He also suggested that its steel structure should make it highly resistant to storms.[8] Transporting the structure by truck north from Monroe to St. Ignace cost $20,000. The move, repair and erection cost $50,000. Half was provided by the Michigan Waterways Commission. Small community donations paid the rest.[8] The lighthouse was reassembled using a crane in 2006.[10] Based upon a survey of residents, it was named Wawatam Lighthouse in honor of a railroad car ferry that had been home-ported in St. Ignace for many decades, SS Chief Wawatam.[11]{{efn-ua|"The Coast Guard required that the lighthouse be named before the application for the light could be processed. 'To keep the process moving, a poll quickly was taken with people at St. Ignace City Hall. Wawatam was the first choice and it provided a tie to the dock's history,' said Mr. Elmer."[6]}} After reassembly, the Wawatam Lighthouse was relit on August 20, 2006. The lighthouse is now an official United States Coast Guard privately maintained aid to navigation, USCG 7-12608, on Lake Huron. Maintenance is by the city of St. Ignace.[1][2][12] Public access is by walking the pier.[1] Wawatam PierThe chosen location for the rebuilt lighthouse was the former St. Ignace railroad pier, originally built in the 1800s as the home port of a train ferry. Operated by a joint venture that included St. Ignace's Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway, the ferry shuttled railroad cars across the Straits of Mackinac. Starting soon after its launch date in 1911, these duties were fulfilled by the {{convert|338|foot}} long Chief Wawatam. Designed by Frank E. Kirby and built by the Toledo Shipbuilding Company, the Chief "carried as many as 28 rail cars per trip between Mackinaw City and St. Ignace."[13] The ferry boat, in turn, had been named in honor of a leading Straits of Mackinac local resident of the 1700s, the Odawa clan leader Wawatam.[1][2] The St. Ignace dock collapsed in 1984, and in 1986 the successor railroad abandoned the last rail link to St. Ignace. This ended the ferry era. A truncated stretch of tracks and the track elevator (which oriented the tracks so the cars could be loaded on the ferry) are still visible.[4] On the dock, within a short distance from the light, is a {{convert|6|foot}} tall wooden statue honoring Chief Wawatam. Erected in 2012 by the city, it was designed and carved by Tom Paquin and Sally Paquin, local artists.[4] The light todayThe new Lighthouse is duly noted on newer navigational charts.[12][14][15] The light operates year-round.[16] It not only guides mariners, but is a beacon for snowmobilers traveling across the frozen Straits of Mackinac to and from Mackinac Island in winter.[6][4] The lighthouse and harbor also serve Coast Guard ice breakers, e.g., the tug Katmai Bay{{efn-ua|Katmai Bay is stationed at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.[17]}} and heavy duty breaker Mackinaw.{{efn-ua|The Mackinaw is stationed at Cheboygan, Michigan.[18]}}[19][20] The lighthouse was the featured lighthouse of the Michigan Lighthouse festival in 2015.[21] It is the subject of a jig saw puzzle.[22] As of 2017, this was the latest addition to Michigan's 150 listed (including historical and now demolished) lighthouses. Prior to that, the Tricentennial Lighthouse in Detroit's William G. Milliken State Park was opened in 2003.[23] LocationThe Wawatam Lighthouse is located in downtown St. Ignace, at the eastern end of McCann Street near its intersection with North State Street, St. Ignace's main waterfront highway.[10] ReferencesNotes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://www.saintignace.org/history-of-st-ignace/wawatam-lighthouse-history/ |title=Wawatam Lighthouse History |author= |date=2017 |website= |publisher=St. Ignace Chamber of Commerce |access-date=April 25, 2017 |quote=}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite rowlett|miup}} 3. ^{{cite web |quote=While many of Michigan’s historic lighthouses have been decommissioned and are mostly ornamental, Pure Michigan tells the story of how the Wawatam Lighthouse started out as an ornamental lighthouse and now actually has a job! |title=WAWATAM LIGHTHOUSE IN ST. IGNACE |date=June 26, 2014 |author=farlane |url=https://michpics.wordpress.com/2014/06/26/wawatam-lighthouse-in-st-ignace/ |publisher=WordPress.com |accessdate=April 26, 2017}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.midwestguest.com/2014/04/from-monroe-to-mackinac-lighthouse-moves-to-chief-wawatam-park-in-st-ignace-michigan.html |date=April 15, 2014 |first1=Dominique |last1=King |title=From Monroe to Mackinac: Lighthouse moves to Chief Wawatam Park in St. Ignace, |work=Michigan Midwest Guest |accessdate=April 25, 2017}} 5. ^{{cite rowlett|miup}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://lighthouseguides.blogspot.com/2011/08/wawatam-lighthouse-st-ignace-mi.html |date=August 31, 2011 |title=Wawatam Lighthouse, St. Ignace, MI |accessdate=April 25, 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/andrew-turnbull/3526218304 |title=Picture of the Monroe County Michigan Welcome Center lighthouse |date=July 2001 |first1=Andrew |last1=Turnbull |format=photograph |accessdate=April 27, 2017 |via=flickr.com}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite news |url=http://www.stignacenews.com/news/2010-12-30/News/Builder_of_Chief_Wawatam_Lighthouse_Shares_Story_o.html |title=Builder of Chief Wawatam Lighthouse Shares Story of Project’s Origin |first1=Ted |last1=Booker |newspaper=St. Ignace News |date=December 30, 2010 |accessdate=April 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427095921/http://www.stignacenews.com/news/2010-12-30/News/Builder_of_Chief_Wawatam_Lighthouse_Shares_Story_o.html |archive-date=2017-04-27 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://lostinmichigan.net/story-wawatam-lighthouse/ |first1=Michael |last1=Sonnenberg |date=August 8, 2016 |work=Lost in Michigan |title=The Story of the Wawatam Lighthouse |accessdate=April 25, 2017}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.michigan.org/property/wawatam-lighthouse |title=Wawatam Lighthouse Saint Ignace, MI 49781 |publisher=Pure Michigan |accessdate=April 26, 2017}} 11. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Chief Wawatam Being Retired |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10579224/ |work=The Escanaba Daily Press |page=6 |location=Escanaba, Michigan |date=April 11, 1968|via=newspapers.com {{open access}} }} 12. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://stignacemarina.org/index.php?page=Our_Facility |publisher=St. Ignace Municipal Marina |title=St. Ignace Wawatam Lighthouse |accessdate=April 26, 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427003749/http://stignacemarina.org/index.php?page=Our_Facility |archivedate=April 27, 2017 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.midwestguest.com/2014/04/from-monroe-to-mackinac-lighthouse-moves-to-chief-wawatam-park-in-st-ignace-michigan.html |date=April 15, 2014 |first1=Dominique |last1=King |title=From Monroe to Mackinac: Lighthouse moves to Chief Wawatam Park in St. Ignace, |work=Michigan Midwest Guest |accessdate=April 25, 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.redbubble.com/people/papajohn/art/4138678-wawatam-lighthouse-in-st-ignace-michigan |first1=Robin |last1=Ann |title=Wawatam Lighthouse in St. Ignace, Michigan|accessdate=April 25, 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://travelthemitten.com/lighthouses/wawatam-lighthouse-st-ignace/ |title=Wawatam Lighthouse |publisher=Travel the Mitten |accessdate=April 25, 2017}} 16. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aejWCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT112 |title=To the Victory Forever |first1=David |last1=Vanek |isbn=9781622176984 |date=March 29, 2016 |page=112}} 17. ^{{cite web |title=USCGCGC Katmai Bay (WTGB 101) |publisher=United States Coast Guard |date=26 January 2012 |url=http://www.uscg.mil/d9/cgcKatmaiBay/ }} 18. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.uscg.mil/d9/cgcMackinaw/ |title=USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30) |publisher=United States Coast Guard |accessdate=May 1, 2017}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.uscg.mil/d9/sectSaultSteMarie/ |publisher=U.S. Coast Guard Sector |title=U.S. Coast Guard Sector Sault Sainte Marie |accessdate=April 30, 2017}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/adventure/outdoors/a19228/ice-breakers-coast-guard-great-lakes/ |date=February 25, 2016 |work=Popular Mechanics |title=Ice Breakers: The Coast Guard Crews That Keep the Great Lakes Open for Business |first1=Tim |last1=Heffernan |accessdate=April 30, 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.michiganlighthouseguide.com/lighthousefestival.html |title=First Annual Traveling Lighthouse Festival |publisher=Michigan Lighthouse Guide |accessdate=April 25, 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web |first1=John |last1=Absher |url=https://www.jigidi.com/jigsaw-puzzle/GQFLCM52/Wawatam-Lighthouse-St-Ignace |title=Wawatam Lighthouse, St. Ignace |accessdate=April 25, 2017}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://michiganexposures.blogspot.com/2010/05/tri-centennial-light-detroit.html |title=Tri-centennial Light, Detroit Michigan |accessdate=April 26, 2017}} Citations{{reflist|30em}}Sources
External links{{Commons}}
2 : Lighthouses in Mackinac County, Michigan|Lighthouses completed in 1998 |
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