| 释义 |
- Slaughterhouse waste
- Animal By-Product in Pet Food
- Food
- Non-food animal products
- See also
- References
- Further reading
An animal product is any material derived from the body of an animal. Examples are fat, flesh, blood, milk, eggs, and lesser known products, such as isinglass and rennet.[1] Animal by-products, as defined by the USDA, are products harvested or manufactured from livestock other than muscle meat.[2] In the EU, animal by-products (ABPs) are defined somewhat more broadly, as materials from animals that people do not consume.[3] Thus, chicken eggs for human consumption are considered by-products in the US but not France; whereas eggs destined for animal feed are classified as animal by-products in both countries. This does not in itself reflect on the condition, safety, or "wholesomeness" of the product. Animal by-products are carcasses and parts of carcasses from slaughterhouses, animal shelters, zoos and veterinarians, and products of animal origin not intended for human consumption, including catering waste. These products may go through a process known as "rendering" to be made into human and non-human foodstuffs, fats, and other material that can be sold to make commercial products such as cosmetics, paint, cleaners, polishes, glue, soap and ink. The sale of animal by-products allows the meat industry to compete economically with industries selling sources of vegetable protein.[4] The word animals includes all species in the biological kingdom Animalia. For example, insects, shrimp, and oysters are animals. Generally, products made from fossilized or decomposed animals, such as petroleum formed from the ancient remains of marine animals, are not considered animal products. Crops grown in soil fertilized with animal remains are rarely characterized as animal products. Several diets prohibit the inclusion of some animal products, including vegetarian, kosher, and halal. Other diets, such as veganism and the raw vegan diet, exclude any material of animal origin.[5] In international trade legislation, the terminology products of animal origin (POAO) is used.[6] Slaughterhouse wasteSlaughterhouse waste is defined as animal body parts cut off in the preparation of carcasses for use as food. This waste can come from several sources, including slaughterhouses, restaurants, stores and farms. In the UK, slaughterhouse waste is classed as category 3 risk waste in the Animal By-Products Regulations, with the exception of condemned meat which is classed as category 2 risk. Animal By-Product in Pet FoodThe leftover pieces that comes from the process of stripping meat from animals tends to get used for different purposes. One of them is to put these parts into pet food. Many large, well-known pet food brands use animal by-products as protein sources in their recipes. This can include animal feet, livers, lungs, heads, spleens, etc. Food {{div col|colwidth=30em}}- Blood, especially in the form of blood sausage
- Bone, including bone char, bone meal, etc.
- Broths and stocks are often created with animal fat, bone, and connective tissue
- Carmine also known as cochineal (food dye)
- Caviar
- Casein (found in milk and cheese)
- Civet oil (food flavoring additive)
- Dairy products (e.g., milk, cheese, yogurt, etc.)
- Eggs and Egg products (e.g., mayonnaise, eggnog, custard, etc.)
- Gelatin
- Hard Roe (as food is used as a raw or cooked ingredient in various dishes)
- Honey
- Honeydew (secretion)
- Isinglass (used in clarification of beer and wine)
- Insects (some edible insects are consumed whole or made into a powder, like cricket flour. The flours are then used to make products like insect fitness bars or burger patties.)
- L-cysteine from human hair and pig bristles (used in the production of biscuits and bread)
- Lard
- Kopi Luwak & Black Ivory Coffee
- Meat (including fish, poultry, and game)
- Rennet (commonly used in the production of cheese)
- Shellac
- Soft Roe also known as “White Roe” (is commonly fried, used as an ingredient in a larger dish, or used as a condiment in some European and Asian countries)
- Swiftlet's nest (made of saliva)
- Whey (found in cheese and added to many other products)
{{div col end}} Non-food animal products {{div col|colwidth=35em}}- Animal fiber
- Ambergris
- Beeswax
- Blood and some blood substitutes (blood used for transfusions is always human in origin, though some blood substitutes are made from animal sources. Many diagnostic laboratory tests use animal or human sourced reagents)
- Casein (used in plastics, clothing, cosmetics, adhesives and paint)
- Castoreum (secretion of the beaver used in perfumes and possibly in food flavoring)
- Coral rock
- Donkey milk
- Egg Oil (used in skin care products as a preservative and as skin conditioning agent)
- Emu oil (serves as a ”natural” emollient in cosmetic preparations, especially in products that claim it has the ability enhance and maintain beauty.)
- Ejaculate (used in artificial insemination)
- Feathers
- Fur
- Gallstones (from livestock for Traditional Chinese Medicine)
- Horse Oil (used in East Asian skincare masks and creams for similar purposes as emu oil]].)
- Horn, including antlers etc.
- Ivory
- Lanolin
- Limulus amebocyte lysate (a chemical in horseshoe crab blood used to detect bacterial endotoxin)
- Leather
- Manure
- Mink oil
- Musk
- Pearl or mother of pearl
- Royal Jelly (used as a dietary supplemet)
- Scales
- Silk
- Sponges
- Snail Mucin (used in topical medications and skincare products as a treatment for lesions and acne or as an antioxidant to brighten, hydrate, and the skin)
- Tallow, may be used in food and soap
- Tortoiseshell
- Urine
- Venom (used to produce human and veterinary antivenin)
- Whale oil
- Wool
{{div col end}}See also{{div col|colwidth=30em}}- Advanced meat recovery
- Animal By-Products Regulations
- Animal euthanasia
- Animal industrial complex
- Animal slaughter
- Biodegradable waste
- Boiling down
- Food quality
- Food safety
- List of waste types
- Meat and bone meal
- Meat extenders
- Mechanically separated meat
- Pink slime
- Potted meat food product
- Speciesism
- Slaughterhouse
- Slaughterhouse waste
- Spam (food)
{{div col end}} References 1. ^Unklesbay, Nan. World Food and You. Routledge, 1992, p. 179ff.
2. ^https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/animal-products/animal-production-marketing-issues/glossary/
3. ^https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/animal-by-products_en
4. ^Ockerman, Herbert and Hansen, Conly L. Animal by-product processing & utilization. Technomic Publishing Company Inc., 2000, p. 1.
5. ^Stepaniak, Joanne. Being Vegan: Living with Conscience, Conviction, and Compassion. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2000, p. 7.
6. ^[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/animal-products-import-and-export Animals and animal products: international trade regulations]
Further reading - [https://web.archive.org/web/20100121160127/http://www.vegansociety.com/Lifestyle-And-Nutrition/Food/Criteria-for-Vegan-Food.aspx Vegan Society - Criteria For Vegan Food]
- Extensive list identifying animal-derived and vegan ingredients
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090513105536/http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2001/301_pet.html FDA Consumer Magazine: The Lowdown on Labels]
- Heinz, G. & Hautzinger, P. "Meat Processing Technology", Food and Agriculture Organization, 2007, accessed March 30, 2012.
- Leoci, R., Animal by-products (ABPs): origins, uses, and European regulations, Mantova (Italy): Universitas Studiorum, 2014. {{ISBN|978-88-97683-47-6}}
- Mian N Riaz, Riaz N Riaz, Muhammad M Chaudry. Halal Food Production, CRC Press, 2004. {{ISBN|1-58716-029-3}}
- Tsai, Michelle. "What's in a can of dog food?, Slate, March 19, 2007.
- Earthly Origin of Materials, is a material animal, vegetable, or mineral?
{{waste}}{{animal rights}} 7 : Animal products|Meat|Pet foods|Meat industry|Intensive farming|Veganism|Waste |