| 词条 | Wilhem Keiper |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Wilhem Keiper | honorific_suffix = | image = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | other_name = | nickname = | birth_date = {{birth date|1893|01|03}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|1957|09|01|1893|01|03}} | death_place = | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = | placeofburial_coordinates = | allegiance = {{flag|Nazi Germany}} (1933–1944) | branch_label = | branch = | serviceyears = | serviceyears_label = | rank = Generalmajor | rank_label = | servicenumber = | unit = | commands = plenipotentiary general of Montenegro | battles_label = | battles = World War II | awards = | memorials = | spouse = | children = | relations = | laterwork = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | website = | module = }} Wilhem Keiper (3 January 1893 – 1 September 1957)[1] was a Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. Between September 1943 and November 1944 he was the German plenipotentiary general of the German occupied territory of Montenegro. German occupied territory of MontenegroWhen the German occupied territory of Montenegro was put under the military commander south-east in September 1943, Keiper was appointed as German plenipotentiary general.{{sfn|Kroener|Müller|Umbreit|1990|p=104}} He was in charge for military affairs, while political affairs were entrusted to Neubaucher who followed wishes of the Montenegrin governmental committee of Ljubomir Vuksanović.{{sfn|Kroener|Müller|Umbreit|1990|p=104}} Feldkomandanture number 1040Germany established a new Field Headquarters (Feldkomandanture number 1040) to govern over Montenegro ({{lang-sr|Самостална федлкомендатуре за Црну Гору}}).[2] Keiper's residence was building of the former British envoy in Cetinje.{{sfn|Parežanin|1974|p=37}} On the wall of his cabinet there were two copies of the paintings of Serb painter Paja Jovanović, The Second Serb Uprising and Migration of the Serbs.[3] On 30 September 1943 Keiper published his statement in which he emphasized that Germany had no territorial pretensions over Montenegro and that German forces are in Montenegro only because of the military affair{{harv|Đurišić|1997|p=12}}. To secure Montenegrin Adriatic coast from Allied invasion. Keiper invited population of Montenegro to be loyal.{{sfn|Maletić|1976|p=359}} Keiper emphasized that it is not important if Montenegro is white or green, it is important that Montenegro would not be red.{{sfn|Miljanić|1970|p=355|ps=: "„Није важно да ли ће Црна Гора бити зелена или бела, него је важно да; не буде црвена" — говорио је не- мачки опуномоћени генерал Кајпер."}} Gendarmerie and militiaOn 20 October 1943 Keiper invited all male population of Montenegro aged between 18 and 40 to join gendarmerie.{{sfn|Redžić|2002|p=392}} He recruited 1,500 men in militia and 7,500 in gendarmerie which would support German forces to struggle against Communists.{{sfn|Đurišić|1997|p=12}} Keiper organized six battalions of gendarmerie in six Montenegrin counties controlled by Germans: Boka Kotorska, Bar, Cetinje, Podgorica, Danilovgrad and Nikšić.{{sfn|Đurišić|1997|p=12}} Keiper established two more battalions consisting of 3,000 former Chetniks from two counties occupied by the Communist forces: Kolašin and Šavnik.{{sfn|Đurišić|1997|p=12}} The commander of Gendarmerie was former artillery lieutenant Pero Marušić.{{sfn|Đurišić|1997|p=12}} On 1 November Keiper issued an announcement that people who would follow instructions of Communists or Dragoslav Mihailović would be severely punished. Keiper treated Mihailovics Chetniks as enemies but that did not stop him from making secret arrangements to jointly fight against the Communists.{{harv|Živković|1984|p=105}} : " Kajper je već 1. novembra u svom proglasu nagovijestio da će biti najstrože kažnjen svako ko se bude ogriješio o njemačka naređenja, »i bude slušao komuniste ili Mihailovića. «138a Interesantno je ovdje primijetiti kako Kajper tretira četnike D. Mihailovića kao neprijatelje Rajha, ali mu to ništa ne smeta da sa njima stvara tajne aranžmane o zajedničkoj borbi protiv pripadnika NOP-a,..." National Administrative CouncilOn 9 November 1943 Germans established local government in form of National Administrative Council ({{lang-sr|Народна Управа}}) led by Ljubomir Vuksanović. Pavle Đurišić began his cooperation with Keiper since June 1944.{{sfn|Minić|1993|p=149|ps=:"Ђуришић је већ од јуна 1944. био успоставио сарадњу са др Крамарцом, представником др Нојбахера и с немачким фелдко- мандантом на Цетињу генералом Кајпером, с којима су и други црногорски четнички команданти ..."}} On 12 November 1943 Keiper published a threat that the German occupying forces would kill 20 hostages for each German soldier killed in Montenegro and 10 for each wounded German soldier.{{sfn|Živković|1984|p=105|ps=: " Proglas 12. novembra u kome prijeti da će za ubistvo svakog pripadnika njemačkog Vermahta biti strijeljano 20, a za ranjenog 10 talaca,...."}} After numerous people and priests evacuated from Cetinje, Keiper also did not stay in Cetinje.{{sfn|Minić|1972|p=26|ps=: "Истог дана се са њима вратио и Ратко Парежанин. После евакуације свештенства и народа са Цетиња, ни немачки генерал Кајпер више није био на Цетиње"}} References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Лесковац|first1=Младен|last2=Форишковић|first2=Александар|last3=Попов|first3=Чедомир|title=Српски биографски речник: И-Ка|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-wQtQEACAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Будућност|page=78}} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=Crnogorska antifašistička skupština narodnog oslobođenja|author2=Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore u Titogradu|title=ЦАСНО--Црногорска антифашистичка скупштина народног ослобођења 1944-1945: збирка докумената|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qk_zAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore|page=46|quote=Вилхем Кајпер командант Самосталне федлкомандатуре за Црну Гору у времену од 30. септембра 1943. године до коначног оступања Њемаца из Црне Горе децембра 1944. годиие}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Savez komunista Crne Gore. Istoriska komisja|title=Riječ slobode, Pobjeda, Registar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJgzAAAAMAAJ|year=1960|page=437}} Sources{{refbegin|3}}
4 : 1893 births|1957 deaths|German military personnel of World War II|History of Montenegro |
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