| 词条 | Anna Diggs Taylor |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = | name = Anna Diggs Taylor | honorific-suffix = | image = Anna Diggs Taylor.jpg | alt = | caption = | office = Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan | term_start = December 31, 1998 | term_end = November 4, 2017 | office1 = Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan | term_start1 = 1996 | term_end1 = 1998 | predecessor1 = Julian Abele Cook Jr. | successor1 = Lawrence Paul Zatkoff | office2 = Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan | term_start2 = November 2, 1979 | term_end2 = December 31, 1998 | nominator2 = | appointer2 = Jimmy Carter | predecessor2 = Seat established by 92 Stat. 1629 | successor2 = Marianne O. Battani | pronunciation = | birth_name = Anna Katherine Johnston | birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|12|09}} | birth_place = Washington, D.C. | death_date = {{death date and age|2017|11|4|1932|12|9|mf=y}} | death_place = {{nowrap|Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan}} | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | citizenship = | nationality = | party = | otherparty = | height = | spouse = Charles Diggs | partner = | relations = | children = | parents = | mother = | father = | relatives = | residence = | education = Barnard College (B.A.) Yale Law School (LL.B.) | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = | known_for = | salary = | net_worth = | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | religion = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} Anna Katherine Johnston Diggs Taylor (born Anna Katherine Johnston) (December 9, 1932 – November 4, 2017) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. Education and careerBorn in Washington, D.C., Taylor received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Barnard College in 1954. She received a Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1957. She was an attorney in the Office of Solicitor of the United States Department of Labor in Washington, D.C. from 1957 to 1960. She was an assistant prosecutor in Wayne County, Michigan from 1961 to 1962. She was an Assistant United States Attorney of the Eastern District of Michigan in Detroit, Michigan in 1966. She was a legislative assistant and Detroit office manager for United States Representative Charles Diggs from 1967 to 1970. She was in private practice of law in Detroit from 1970 to 1975. She was an adjunct professor at the Wayne State University School of Labor and Industrial Relations from 1972 to 1975. She was the supervising assistant corporation counsel for the City of Detroit Law Department from 1975 to 1979. She was an adjunct professor at Wayne State University Law School from 1976 to 1977.[1] Federal judicial serviceTaylor was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on May 17, 1979, to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, to a new seat created by 92 Stat. 1629. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 31, 1979, and received her commission on November 2, 1979. She served as Chief Judge from 1996 to 1998.[1] She assumed senior status on December 31, 1998, serving in that status until her death on November 4, 2017, in Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan, after battling an illness.[2][3] PersonalIn 1960, Taylor married United States Representative Charles Diggs; they divorced in 1971. In 1976, she married S. Martin Taylor, a regent of the University of Michigan.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} ACLU v. NSA{{main|ACLU v. NSA}}In 2006, Taylor was the first federal judge to rule on the legal and constitutional issues of the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy. Her ruling in ACLU v. NSA held that the domestic wiretapping conducted by the National Security Agency without court approval violates the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and is unconstitutional. She granted a permanent injunction to halt it. The ruling, whose effect was stayed pending appellate proceedings,[4] sparked a vigorous political and legal controversy. She declined to rule on the legality of the alleged NSA call database, on state-secrets grounds. The quality and comprehensiveness of her opinion have been criticized by some legal experts.[5] The conservative watchdog organization Judicial Watch has alleged that Taylor may have had a conflict of interest in the case, because, according to Judicial Watch she is or was secretary and trustee for the Community Foundation for Southeastern Michigan (CFSEM), a group that made a $45,000 grant over two years to the ACLU of Michigan, the plaintiff in ACLU v. NSA in whose favor Taylor ruled.[6] Taylor's ruling was subsequently overturned by the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. By a 2-1 vote, the appellate court held that the plaintiffs lacked standing, and vacated the portion of Taylor's ruling concerning warrantless wiretaps. References1. ^1 {{FJC Bio|2345|nid=1388601|name=Anna Katherine Johnston Diggs Taylor}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.daahp.wayne.edu/biographiesDisplay.php?id=64|title=Biography at Detroit African-American History Project|publisher=}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/2017/11/06/trailblazer-detroit-federal-judge-anna-diggs-taylor-dies/836141001/|title=Trailblazer Detroit federal Judge Anna Diggs Taylor dies|publisher=}} 4. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/04/AR2006100401731.html | title= Court Allows Warrantless Wiretapping During Appeal | accessdate = October 6, 2006 | author = Associated Press | date = 2006-10-05 | work=The Washington Post}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Experts Fault Reasoning in Surveillance Decision|author=Adam Liptak|date=2006-08-19|publisher=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/19/washington/19ruling.html}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Judicial Watch press release |author= |date=2006-08-21 |publisher= |url=http://www.judicialwatch.org/5862.shtml |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827023506/http://www.judicialwatch.org/5862.shtml |archivedate=2006-08-27 }} External links
13 : 1932 births|2017 deaths|African-American judges|American women judges|Assistant United States Attorneys|Barnard College alumni|Judges of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan|People from Washington, D.C.|Spouses of members of the United States House of Representatives|United States district court judges appointed by Jimmy Carter|Wayne State University faculty|Yale Law School alumni|20th-century American judges |
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