| 词条 | William Cruden |
| 释义 |
LifeHe was the son of Alexander Cruden, beadle at Pitsligo. He graduated M.A. at Marischal College, Aberdeen in 1743.[1] Cruden became minister of Logie-Pert, Craigo, near Montrose, in 1753.[2] Connection with the Relief ChurchIn the 1760s, Cruden became involved with the foundation of the schismatic Relief Church. Its initial role was to allow congregations to bypass the nomination of ministers. Matters began with the parish of Logie, Stirlingshire (Blairlogie). There the incumbent minister, Patrick Duchall, died in 1758. Both John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore and John Erskine of Carnock claimed to be patrons, with the right to nominate to the living. While they agreed at first on a candidate, James Frame, there was intense local opposition, and Frame took another position. In 1759, Cruden received a "call" to Logie. The presbytery, however, understood that Dunmore still held to his rights; and delayed. Cruden became the Erskine candidate, through a proxy (James Haldane of Plean); Dunmore put forward James Wright. In 1760, the General Assembly on appeal reversed the decision of the local Synod, against Dunmore; and Wright was given the settlement. The local group asked the "Presbytery of Relief", formed in 1761, for support; and had a church built, which in 1762 went to John Warden.[3] In 1765 James Baine was approached, to set up a Relief church in Edinburgh. Cruden's name was raised at an initial stage. In the end it was Baine who gained full support, and came to Edinburgh, in early 1766.[4] Cruden came to Glasgow in 1767; again a "relief" was provided after a secession from an existing congregation. It occurred at Glasgow's Wynd Church, which had been held by a Moderate, William Craig. The church was rebuilt from 1762, Craig moving within the city, and the council brought in another like-minded minister, George Bannatyne, in 1764, over the wishes of some.[5][6] Cruden then was brought to the Albion Road Chapel of the Relief Church. Some of his congregation turned against him, however, in a complicated affair involving examination of a student.[7][8] He clashed also with David Dale the merchant, a member of the Albion Road congregation. Dale left, moving on to form an Independent congregation in Grey Friars Wynd.[9] In the debates of the early 1770s within the Relief Church, Cruden lost the argument against some form of open communion. Shortly afterwards he left the church.[10] The Albion Street congregation broke up three ways, with the group remaining with the chapel rejoining the Church of Scotland.[11] Later lifeCruden was then elected minister of the Scotch presbyterian church in Crown Court, Covent Garden, London, in 1773, in succession to Thomas Oswald.[2] Cruden died on 5 November 1785, aged 60, and was buried in Bunhill Fields cemetery.[2] WorksCruden's works are:[2]
FamilyCruden married Clementina Hadden, and they had four children.[1] Their son John Cruden (1754–1787) was a loyalist in British North America, and a figure of the American Revolutionary War period, in touch through his father with William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth.[12][13][14] Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{cite ODNB|id=6842|title=Cruden, William|first=Mary Catherine|last=Moran}} Attribution{{DNB|wstitle=Cruden, William|volume=13}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cruden, William}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite DNB|wstitle=Cruden, William|volume=13}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=William Mackelvie|title=Annals and Statistics of the United Presbyterian Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hfICAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA641|year=1873|publisher=Oliphant and A. Elliot|pages=641–2}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Kenneth B. E. Roxburgh|title=Thomas Gillespie and the Origins of the Relief Church in 18th century Scotland|date=June 1999|publisher=P. Lang|isbn=978-0-8204-4228-0|page=191}} 5. ^{{cite ODNB|id=64367|first=Thomas Davidson|last=Kennedy|title=Craig, William}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=William Mackelvie|title=Annals and Statistics of the United Presbyterian Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hfICAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA296|year=1873|publisher=Oliphant and A. Elliot|pages=296–7}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=James Cleland|title=The Rise and Progress of the City of Glasgow: Comprising an Account of Its Ancient and Modern History, Its Trade, Manufactures, Commerce and Other Concerns|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl1EAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA60|year=1840|publisher=J. Smith|page=60}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=William Mackelvie|title=Annals and Statistics of the United Presbyterian Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VlEXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA297|year=1873|publisher=Oliphant and A. Elliot|page=297}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Kenneth B. E. Roxburgh|title=Thomas Gillespie and the Origins of the Relief Church in 18th century Scotland|date=June 1999|publisher=P. Lang|isbn=978-0-8204-4228-0|page=195 and 208 note 179}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Kenneth B. E. Roxburgh|title=Thomas Gillespie and the Origins of the Relief Church in 18th century Scotland|date=June 1999|publisher=P. Lang|isbn=978-0-8204-4228-0|page=196 note 117}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=The United Presbyterian magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xRQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA453|year=1875|page=453}} 12. ^{{cite book|title=The Manuscripts of the Earl of Dartmouth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNEGUrexvPIC&pg=PA458|year=1887|publisher=Ardent Media|isbn=978-0-8398-0802-2|page=458}} 13. ^Jeffrey J. Crow, What Price Loyalism? The Case of John Cruden, Commissioner of Sequestered Estates, The North Carolina Historical Review Vol. 58, No. 3 (July, 1981), pp. 215–233, at p. 218. Published by: North Carolina Office of Archives and History. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23534959 14. ^{{cite book|last=Masanoff|first=Jaya|title=Liberty's Exiles|year=2011|publisher=Harper Press|location=London|isbn=9780007180080|page=xiv}} 7 : 1726 births|1785 deaths|Alumni of the University of Aberdeen|Ministers of the Church of Scotland|Church of Scotland hymnwriters|People from Aberdeenshire|Burials at Bunhill Fields |
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