| 词条 | William Grimes (ex-slave) |
| 释义 |
Grimes was born into slavery in King George County, Virginia, in 1784. His father was Benjamin Grymes, a wealthy plantation owner; Grimes' mother was a slave on a neighboring plantation. During his years of slavery, Grimes was owned by at least ten different masters, in the States of Virginia, Maryland, and Georgia. He worked as a house servant, valet, field worker, stable boy, and coachman. In 1814, at the age of 30, Grimes escaped from slavery by stowing away on a ship that sailed from Savannah, Georgia to New York City. Grimes settled in New Haven, Connecticut, where he was a successful barber.[7] His clients included students from nearby Yale College and Litchfield.[7] Grimes' former master tracked him down and demanded that Grimes purchase his freedom with "my house and land, all I had," or else face arrest and re-enslavement. Grimes had no choice but to pay, and wrote his memoir in hopes of recovering his finances. Grimes died on August 20, 1865, about 81 years old, in New Haven, Connecticut. On his death, his obituary was published as far away as Brooklyn, New York.[2] A great-great-great-granddaughter of Grimes, Regina Mason, was an editor of the 2008 edition of Grimes' book. Mason talked about her ancestor's life in an interview with Terry Gross on the Fresh Air radio program on January 18, 2016.[6][7] A different William GrimesWilliam Grimes the ex-slave should not be confused with the Rev. William Grimes born about 1828 who was an itinerant Black preacher and A.M.E. minister in Lewistown, Pennsylvania and an active participant in the Underground Railroad.[8] See also{{Portal|Biography|African American|Connecticut}}
Notes1. ^{{cite web|last= Williamson |first= Jenn |title= Summary of Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. Written by Himself |website= North American Slave Narratives |publisher= University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |url= http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/grimes25/summary.html |accessdate= 2016-01-18}} 2. ^1 {{cite news|title=Old Grimes is Dead!|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/50253826|accessdate=19 January 2016|newspaper= The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |date=21 August 1865 |edition= 2nd |page= 3 |quote=New Haven, Aug. 21: William Grimes, better known as "Old Grimes", a quaint darkey, once a slave, known to all our citizens and to thousands of Yale College graduates, died in this city yesterday, at an advanced age, probably ninety years.}} In column 5. 3. ^{{cite web|last= Grimes |first= William |title= Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. Written by Himself. |website= North American Slave Narratives, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |year= 1825 |publisher= William Grimes |location= New York |url= http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/grimes25/menu.html |accessdate= 2016-01-18}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1= Smith |first1= Venture |last2= Mars |first2= James |last3= Grimes |first3= William |last4= Offley |first4= G. W. |last5= Smith |first5= James L. |title= Five Black lives: the autobiographies of Venture Smith, James Mars, William Grimes, the Rev. G. W. Offley, [and] James L. Smith. |year= 1855 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HiB3AAAAMAAJ |accessdate= 2017-03-15}} 5. ^{{cite book|editor1-last= Andrews |editor1-first= William L. |editor2-last= Mason |editor2-first= Regina E. |title=Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave |date= 2008-06-27 |publisher= Oxford University Press |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BIXlFJVjljIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780199711147&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE56Two7XKAhUY4GMKHVapAq8QuwUIHzAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=9780199711147|edition= revised |accessdate=19 January 2016}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite interview |last= Mason |first= Regina E. |interviewer= Terry Gross |title= When Ancestry Search Led To Escaped Slave: 'All I Could Do Was Weep' |type=Interview: audio |url= https://www.npr.org/2016/01/18/463164866/when-ancestry-search-led-to-escaped-slave-all-i-could-do-was-weep |website= NPR |date= 2016-01-18 |accessdate= 2016-01-19}} Fresh Air radio program. 7. ^{{cite interview |last= Mason |first= Regina E. |interviewer= Terry Gross |title= When Ancestry Search Led To Escaped Slave: 'All I Could Do Was Weep' |type=Interview: transcript |url= https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=463164866 |website= NPR |date= 2016-01-18 |accessdate= 2016-03-04}} Fresh Air radio program. 8. ^{{cite book|last= Switala |first= William J. |title= Underground Railroad in Pennysylvania |date= 2008-08-21 |edition= 2nd |publisher= Stackpole Books |isbn= 9780811735186 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZebVPh0mMW0C&pg=PT133&dq=%22Rev.+William+Grimes,+an+itinerant+black+preacher+and+Underground+Railroad+agent.%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie1sC8z8nKAhVK_WMKHcLICRgQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=%22Rev.%20William%20Grimes%2C%20an%20itinerant%20black%20preacher%20and%20Underground%20Railroad%20agent.%22&f=false |quote= Rev. William Grimes, an itinerant black preacher and Underground Railroad agent.}} }} External links
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