| 词条 | William Hamilton Bird |
| 释义 |
BiographyLittle is known of Bird´s early life. He appears to have come from Dublin, and by his own account he travelled to India in about 1770, remaining there until the 1790s. In 1789 he published in Calcutta (Kolkata) the work for which he is remembered, The Oriental Miscellany; being a collection of the most favourite airs of Hindoostan, compiled and adapted for the Harpsichord. There are about 30 pieces plus a flute sonata. The book was republished in Edinburgh (c. 1805 after Bird's death) with a slightly different selection of pieces. Bird's transcriptions can be seen in the broad context of European interest in "national" music, evidenced by publications of Irish and Scottish folk-song arrangements, such as "25 Scottish Songs" (Beethoven). They can also be seen in the context of a mingling of cultures in late 18th century India, as described, for example by the historian William Dalrymple.[2] The first edition of Bird's work was dedicated to Warren Hastings, the de facto Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785. Hastings was interested in Indian music and Indian culture generally, he had promoted the first translation into English of the Bhagavad Gita. Other members of the British community who were interested in Indian music included:
SourcesBird appears to have collected his material from live performances of genres such as tappa (a mainly vocal tradition). Sometimes he indicates the singer associated with the piece and he appears to have had other, uncredited, collaborators such as Sophia Plowden. The music came from an oral tradition, and we are not in a position to compare the transcriptions directly with the original versions. However, there is little doubt that in various ways, Bird's transcriptions are not faithful to the original versions:
Live and recorded performancesThe British label Signum Classics released a recording of the "Oriental Miscellany" in 2015 featuring the harpsichordist Jane Chapman.[6] It received international attention.[7] Jane Chapman had studied the music in a project suported by the Leverhulme Trust.[4] She played a 1722 Jacob Kirckman instrument in the Horniman Museum, London.[8] For the recording it was tuned in Vallotti temperament,[9] an alternative to equal temperament (the norm in Western music). The tuning gives the player more scope for an approximation of the modes (ragas) of Indian music. Bird's work is also in the repertoire of other harpsichordists, for example Mahan Esfahani.[10] See also
References1. ^1 {{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/worldfolkandjazz/11574878/The-man-who-discovered-Indian-music.html |title=The man who discovered Indian music |last=Hewett |first=Ivan |date=2015 |work=www.telegraph.co.uk |access-date=21 April 2018}} 2. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4728859/A-romance-famous-in-the-East.html |title=A romance famous in the east (review of White Mughals) |last=Ziegler |first=P (2002)|quote="The tone of this early period of British life in India seemed instead to be about intermixing and impurity, a succession of unexpected and unplanned minglings of peoples and cultures and ideas."}} 3. ^{{Cite journal |last=Woodfield |first=Ian |date=1994 |title=Collecting Indian Songs in Late 18th-Century Lucknow: Problems of Transcription |journal=British Journal of Ethnomusicology|volume=3 |pages=73–88 |jstor=3060807 |doi=10.1080/09681229408567227 }} accessed via JSTOR, subscription required 4. ^1 {{Cite web |url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/library/archivespec/special-collections/artistinresidence.aspx |title=Jane Chapman: artist in residence at the Foyle Special Collections Library |website=King's College London |access-date=2018-10-13}} 5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2018/06/sophia-plowden-khanum-jan-and-hindustani-airs.html |title=Sophia Plowden, Khanum Jan, and Hindustani airs |last=Schofield |first=K |date=2018}} 6. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |last=Kennicott |title=William Hamilton Bird: The Oriental Miscellany |url=https://www.gramophone.co.uk/review/william-hamilton-bird-the-oriental-miscellany |journal=Gramophone|date=2015-07-10 }} 7. ^{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/of-clefs-and-chords/ |title=Of clefs and chords |last=Khurana |date=2015 |work=The Indian Express}} 8. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.horniman.ac.uk/collections/browse-our-collections/object/12042 |title=Harpsichord |website=www.horniman.ac.uk |access-date=21 April 2018}} 9. ^{{Cite journal |last=O´Regan |first=N. |date=2015 |title=The Oriental Miscellany |url=http://www.earlymusicreview.com/679/ |journal=Early Music Review}} 10. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.march.es/musica/detalle.aspx?p1=9&p5=100310&l=2 |title=Programme note: 'El otro exotico' (concert given in Madrid in March 2018 in the series 'The East and Western Music') |website=Fundación Juan March (www.march.es) |access-date=21 April 2018}} External links
4 : Year of birth unknown|Year of death unknown|Irish folk-song collectors|18th-century Irish musicians |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。