| 词条 | William Lash Miller |
| 释义 |
William Lash Miller {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|CBE}} (10 September 1866, Galt, Ontario – 1 September 1 1940, Toronto) was a Canadian chemist, chemistry professor, and pioneer of physical chemistry. Lash Miller studied chemistry at the University of Toronto with bachelor's degree in 1887. He then studied from 1887 to 1889 under August Wilhelm von Hofmann, in 1889 under Viktor Meyer in Göttingen,[1] and in 1890 in Munich, where he received his doctorate in organic chemistry under Adolf von Baeyer.[2] Subsequently, he studied with Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig, which was a turning point in his chemistry career. From then on, he often spent summers in Ostwald's laboratory in Leipzig. In 1891 Lash Miller became a demonstrator at the University of Toronto and was again in 1892 with Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig, where he earned a second doctorate (in physical chemistry).[2] At the University of Toronto, Lash Miller became in 1894 a lecturer, in 1900 an associate professor, and in 1908 a professor of physical chemistry in Toronto. In 1937 he retired as a professor emeritus.[3][4] {{blockquote|His greatest scientific strength lay in his mastery of the chemical thermodynamics of Willard Gibbs, learned from Ostwald at Leipzig. His greatest weakness (also learned from Ostwald) was his refusal to use or teach the atomic and molecular theories that formed the mainstream of 20th-century chemical thinking. Toronto became an important centre of chemical research, and a roster of Miller's pupils includes a remarkable number of important chemists.[5]}}Lash Miller was considered one of the most important Canadian chemists at the time of his death. He built up the teaching of physical chemistry in Canada and was also one of Canada's first representatives of physical chemistry (and clinical biochemistry), with which he dealt from about 1915. With Ostwald he devoted much of his scientific efforts to implement Gibbs' very theoretical concepts on a laboratory scale. Lash Miller did research on many areas of physical chemistry; in particular, he extended Gibbs' treatment of multicomponent systems.[3][4] Miller served as the doctoral advisor of biochemist Clara Benson.[6] He was one of the main organizers of the Canadian Institute of Chemistry and was in 1926 its president. In 1926 he became the first Canadian honorary member of the American Chemical Society. He was a member of the editorial staff of the Journal of the American Chemical Society and of The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. He was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1935.[1] The Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories building, at the University of Toronto, is named in his honor.[7] Chemist William Lash Miller is not to be confused with lawyer William Miller Lash, his double cousin (first cousin on both sides).[8] Selected publications
References1. ^1 {{cite journal|title=150th Birthday: William Lash Miller|journal=ChemViews Magazine|date=10 September 2016|url=http://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/9754221/150th_Birthday_William_Lash_Miller.html}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lash Miller, William}}2. ^1 {{cite book|chapter=Ch. 12: William Lash Miller (1866–1940)|author=McBryde, W. A. E.|title=Electrochemistry, Past and Present|pages=165–170|doi=10.1021/bk-1989-0390.ch012|series=ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 390|isbn=9780841225787}} 3. ^1 Donald J. LeRoy, article on William Lash Miller in Dictionary of Scientific Biography 4. ^1 Winfried R. Patsch (ed.), Annelore Fischer, Wolfgang Müller: Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker, Harri Deutsch 1989, p. 304 5. ^{{cite web|title=William Lash Miller|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/william-lash-miller/|website=The Canadian Encyclopedia}} 6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K9FkFg5ogZAC&pg=PA185&lpg=PA185&dq=clara+benson+chemistry&source=bl&ots=Yvb1bb3A5o&sig=CcBG4HrUmuNEEtuQniwigkndFZA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitscXZzZXdAhXsx4MKHYV1BkYQ6AEwB3oECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=clara%20benson%20chemistry&f=false|title=Ladies in the Laboratory III: South African, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian Women in Science: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|last=Creese|first=Mary R. S.|last2=Creese|first2=Thomas M.|date=2010-02-08|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810872899|language=en}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=William Lash Miller, 1866-1940|website=Exhibits, University of Toronto Libraries|url=https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/exhibits/show/makinghistory/100/466}} 8. ^Discussant k10ery on the topic of 'Miscellany Toronto Photographs: Then and Now', https://urbantoronto.ca/forum/threads/miscellany-toronto-photographs-then-and-now.6947/page-580 7 : University of Toronto alumni|Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni|University of Toronto faculty|Canadian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire|Canadian physical chemists|1866 births|1940 deaths |
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