“William Orme Foster”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

William Orme Foster (29 October 1814 – 29 September 1899) was an English ironmaster, coalmaster and owner of the large industrial firm John Bradley & Co, which he inherited from his uncle, James Foster in 1853. He served as a Liberal MP for South Staffordshire from 1857 until 1868.

Biography

William Orme Foster was born in 1814, the son of William Foster of Wordsley House in Stourbridge and his wife Charlotte^[1] daughter of William Orme of Dulwich, Surrey.^[2] William Foster had an iron business in Stourbridge (he formed a partnership with his brother-in-law and traded as Foster and Orme)^[3] but it was as heir to his uncle, James Foster that William Orme Foster was to achieve great wealth and a prominent position as an ironmaster in the Midlands region of England.

William Orme Foster was employed as an agent by his uncle before 1850. In 1852, he was appointed Deputy Lieutenant for Worcestershire.^[5] On James Foster's death in 1853, Foster inherited the bulk of his estate which was valued at £700,0000.^[1] The inheritance included mines, ironworks, furnaces and engineering works situated at Stourbridge, Shropshire and the Black Country region of England. The growth of his business was stimulated by the booming railways industry, rails and other equipment being a major product of his works.^[2]

In 1855, Foster bought the second version of Constable's painting The Lock for £860.^[6]

From 1857 until 1868 William Orme Foster served as a Member of Parliament for South Staffordshire. He was elected unopposed for this two-member constituency in 1857, 1859 and 1865.^[7] However, after boundary changes, he contested West Staffordshire in 1868, coming only third in the poll for the two-member constituency.^[7] In 1867, he was described as: "a Liberal; opposed to the ballot but in favour of a "large and comprehensive measure" of Parliamentary reform.^[8]

Other public offices held by Foster included High Sheriff for the County of Wexford in 1876, and High Sheriff for the County of Shropshire in 1883.^[9]

In 1867 W.O. Foster bought the Apley Park estate near Bridgnorth in Shropshire,^[10] from Douglas Whitmore for over £300,000. The estate included most of Bridgnorth town.^[2] In 1873 as landowner he held in England 8,457 acres in Shropshire, 1,917 acres in Worcestershire and 874 acres in Staffordshire, besides 9,724 acres in County Wexford in Ireland.^[11]

Under W.O Foster the industrial enterprises such as John Bradley & Co, inherited from his uncle, continued to prosper, the 1860s being particularly good years.^[1] John Bradley & Co became one of the largest iron manufacturers in the Midlands, producing wrought iron by the traditional puddling process. However, soon after his loss at the West Staffordshire election of 1868, Foster suffered a "paralytic seizure" which weakened his health and, for many years, he left business affairs with his wife and with his eldest son.^[12] From the 1870s onwards, profits from the business declined as steel manufacturers competed with wrought iron producers and the final decades of the century brought a gradual contraction of iron output.^[1] In 1884, Foster attempted unsuccessfully to sell John Bradley & Co. In the same year, W.O. Foster donated the early steam locomotive Agenoria, which had once served his ironworks and mines at Shut End, to the Science Museum (London).^[13]

In 1843 W.O. Foster married Isabella^[14] (died 1910), daughter of Henry Grazebrook of Liverpool, by whom he had two sons (William and James) and four daughters (Charlotte, Constance, Isabella and Julia).^[15] It was through one of the latter, Julia Mary (1860-1931), who married as her first husband Hugh Tyrwhitt,^[16] that he became grandfather of the composer Lord Berners.^[17]

William Orme Foster died at Apley Hall on 29 September 1899, aged 84, and was buried on 5 October at Stockton.^[2] His estate was probated at £2,588,000,^[10] and he left his fortune to his son William Henry Foster.

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite book|title=Stourbridge and its Historic Locomotives|date=1989|publisher=Dudley Leisure Services|isbn=0900911255|location=Dudley, UK|pages=24–26|last1=Cockeram|first1=Tom|editor=Paul Collins}}
2. ^¹²³{{cite news|title=The Late Mr. W.O. Foster, of Apley Park|work=Shrewsbury Chronicle|page=8|date=6 October 1899}}
3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Gr8HAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA106&dq=foster+and+orme+stourbridge&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=foster%20and%20orme%20stourbridge&f=false|title=Stourbridge and Its Vicinity|last=Scott|first=William|date=1832|publisher=Heming|isbn=|location=Stourbridge|pages=106|language=en}}
4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/b21778565|title=Shrewsbury School Register 1798-1898|last=|first=|publisher=Caxton Press|year=1898|isbn=|editor-last=Auden|editor-first=J. E.|location=|pages=39}}
5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xOA1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA994&dq=Deputy+Lord+Lieutenant+of+Worcestershire+william+orme+foster&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Deputy%20Lord%20Lieutenant%20of%20Worcestershire%20william%20orme%20foster&f=false|title=Bulletins and Other State Intelligence|last=Watts|first=Francis|date=1853|publisher=Harrison & Sons|year=|isbn=|location=London|pages=994|language=en}}
6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11891243/Constables-own-version-of-iconic-painting-goes-on-sale-for-the-first-time-in-160-years.html|title=Constable's own version of iconic painting goes on sale for the first time in 160 years|newspaper=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2016-11-10}}
7. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Vincent|first1=J|title=McCalmont's Parliamentary Poll Book|date=1971|publisher=The Harvester Press|location=Brighton, UK|isbn=0855270004|page=272 (Section I)|edition=8th}}
8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YMITAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Debrett's+House+of+Commons&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Debrett's%20House%20of%20Commons&f=false|title=DEBRETT'S ILLUSTRATED HOUSE OF COMMONS, AND THE JUDICIAL BENCH|last=Mair|first=Robert Henry|date=1867|publisher=Dean & Son|isbn=|location=London|pages=85|language=en}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/William_Orme_Foster|title=William Orme Foster|website=www.gracesguide.co.uk|access-date=2016-11-02}}
10. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/foster-james-1786-1853|title=FOSTER, James (1786-1853), of Coton Hall, nr. Stourbridge, Worcs. {{!}} History of Parliament Online|website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org|access-date=2016-11-02}}
11. ^{{cite book|last=Bateman|first=John|title=The Great Landowners of Great Britain|year=1876|publisher=Leicester University Press|isbn=0-7185-5013-7}}Victorian Library reprint, 1971
12. ^{{cite news |title=DEATH OF MR. W. O. FOSTER OF APLEY PARK. |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000405/18990930/208/0008 |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=Wellington Journal |via=The British Newspaper Archive |date=30 September 1899|page=8|subscription=yes}}
13. ^{{cite book|last1=Collins|first1=Paul|title=Stourbridge and its Historic Locomotives|editor=Paul Collins|date=1989|publisher=Dudley Leisure Services|location=Dudley, UK|isbn=0900911255|pages=52–53 }}
14. ^{{cite book|last1=Amory|first1=Mark|title=Lord Berners: The Last Eccentric|date=2012|publisher=Faber and Faber|isbn=9780571287284}}
15. ^{{cite news |title=A MILLIONAIRE'S ESTATE |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000919/18991102/043/0004 |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=South Wales Daily News |via=The British Newspaper Archive |date=2 November 1899|page=4|subscription=yes}}
16. ^{{cite book|title=Burke's Landed Gentry, 1921|publisher=Burke's Peerage Ltd|page=669}}
17. ^{{cite book|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 59|year=2004|page=540|isbn=0-19-861409-8}}Article on Lord Berners by Mark Amory, who wrongly titles William Orme Foster 'Sir' though latter was never knighted or became a baronet.