| 词条 | William Trussell |
| 释义 |
|title = Procurator of the House of Commons & King's Secretary |name = Sir William Trussell |image = Wm Trussell Boroughbridge Rebel Arms.jpg |imagesize = 100px |caption = Arms William Trussel bore at Boroughbridge: argent, a cross fleury gules{{sfn|Parl Writs II|1830}} |office1 = MP for Leicestershire |term_start1 = 9 September 1314 |term_end1 = 28 September 1314 |monarch1 = Edward II |office2 = Sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire |term_start2 = 1314 |term_end2 = 1315 |monarch2 = Edward II |office3 = MP for Northamptonshire |term_start3 = 6 May 1319 |term_end3 = 25 May 1319 |monarch3 = Edward II |office4 = Procurator of the House of Commons |term_start4 = 7 January 1327 |term_end4 = 28 April 1343 |monarch4 = Edward II & Edward III |office5 = King's Secretary |term_start5 = 1330 |term_end5 = 1347 |monarch5 = Edward III |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = 1347 |death_place = |parents = |spouse = |children = William Trussell }} Sir William Trussell was an English politician and leading rebel in Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March's rebellion against Edward II. William acted as Speaker of the House of Commons and renounced the allegiance of England to Edward II, forcing his abdication, and became King Edward III's Secretary. Early lifeHe was born the son of William Trussell of Billesley, Warwickshire. He was Sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire for 1314–15 and represented Leicestershire in Parliament in 1314 and Northamptonshire in 1319.{{sfn|MPs|1878}} He was an ardent supporter of the House of Lancaster but was pardoned for his role in the death of Piers Gaveston in 1318. Opposition to Edward IIAs Edward II slowly regained power from the Ordainers he rewarded the reviled Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester with land he confiscated from the barons, leading to their revolt. William Trussell was amongst them and on 12 March 1322 a warrant for his arrest was issued describing him as "the King's enemy".{{sfn|Parl Writs II Digest|1834}} Four days later both Trussell and his son fought on the rebels' side at the Battle of Boroughbridge. Edward and Dispenser won, beheading the rebels' leader Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (King Edward's cousin) and forcing others into exile. As the injustices continued, and the effects of the Great Famine of 1315–22 lingered, discontent remained. Despenser was rewarded with lands that had belonged to Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, including those in Leicestershire.{{sfn|Patent Rolls|1232{{ndash}}1509}} Sir William led a band of rebels that allegedly pillaged Dispenser's estate at Loughborough in May 1322{{sfn|Parl Writs II Digest|1834}} but was imprisoned at Scarborough Castle in July.{{sfn|Parl Writs II Digest|1834}} He escaped and allegedly fled south causing great havoc in Somerset and Dorset in August.{{sfn|Close Rolls|1224{{ndash}}1468}} On 14 March 1323 Roger de Beler, Richard de Willoughby and William de Gosefeld were issued with arrest warrants for Trussell, his son William, his brother Ralph, Roger la Zouch (son of Sir Roger la Zouch, Lord of Lubbesthorpe), Robert de Holland, 1st Baron Holand{{efn|married to Maud, daughter of Alan la Zouch, Baron la Zouch of Ashby}} and others who were accused {{efn|both Despensers were viewed as corrupt and used blackmail and extortion to extract wealth from people so many of the accusations they made about their rivals may have been fabricated}} by Hugh le Despenser of stealing horses, oxen, pigs, sheep and swans from his parks in Leicestershire.{{sfn|Patent Rolls|1232{{ndash}}1509}} The warrant was reissued in 1324 alongside similar ones that dealt with alleged rioting against Dispenser in Warwickshire, Staffordshire and Worcestershire by other rebels.{{sfn|Patent Rolls|1232{{ndash}}1509}} Trussell fled to France and was not named as an accomplice of Roger la Zouch and the Folville Gang when they murdered/executed Roger de Beler in January 1326, presumably in revenge for his enforcement on behalf of Hugh le Despenser.{{sfn|Patent Rolls|1232{{ndash}}1509}} Richard de Willoughby was later kidnapped and ransomed by them in 1332. Support of Edward IIITrussell then joined up with Queen Isabella and Mortimer in Paris before moving to Flanders where he was allegedly tasked with helping to build an invasion army by William I, Count of Hainaut.[1] Trussell accompanied Isabella and Mortimer when they landed in England on 24 September 1326 at the start of their Invasion of England. Their forces consisted of approximately 1500 soldiers, many of whom were Flemish mercenaries and others exiled Contrariants. Opposition was almost non-existent and so many barons, sheriffs and knights joined the rebellion that they gained control within just two months. Adam, Abbot of Glastonbury hid Dispenser and the Lord Chancellor, Robert Baldock in Glastonbury Abbey, and in December 1326 William Trussell was ordered to bring the Abbot before the next Parliament.{{sfn|Close Rolls|1224{{ndash}}1468}} Both Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester and his son Hugh Despenser the Younger were captured and Trussell oversaw the trial of Despenser the Elder where he was denounced and sentenced to death.[2] Both Despensers were gruesomely executed. Trussell was appointed Speaker of the House of Commons and, acting as Procurator of the whole Parliament, renounced allegiance to Edward II on 21 January 1327. Edward III was crowned as king in his place on 1 February 1327 and Trussell went on to become the new king's Secretary and undertake numerous important diplomatic missions, particularly to France and Spain.{{sfn|Close Rolls|1224{{ndash}}1468}} He was buried in St Michael's chapel in Westminster Abbey in 1347. {{anchor|Descendants}}Family and descendantsSir William married Maud, the daughter of Warin Mainwaring and they had at least three sons and a daughter.[3]
After Sir William's death his widow married Oliver de Bordeaux. See also
Notes{{notelist|notes=}}References1. ^{{harvnb|Fryde|1979}} 2. ^{{harvnb|Matthew|2004}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannia.com/bios/gents/wtrussell.html|title=Sir William Trussell (Died 1345)|publisher= Britannia|accessdate=2016-06-17}} Bibliography
| publisher=Harleian Society| location=London| ref=harv}}
| title=Close Rolls | year=1224{{ndash}}1468 | publisher=Parliament of England | location=Westminster | ref={{harvid|Close Rolls|1224{{ndash}}1468}} }}
| title=Patent Rolls | year=1232{{ndash}}1509 | publisher=Parliament of England | location=Westminster | ref={{harvid|PatRolls|1232{{ndash}}1509}} }}
| title=Members of Parliament 1213–1702 | year=1878 | publisher=Public Record Office | location=London | ref={{harvid|MPs|1878}} }}
| title=Parliamentary Writs | year=1830 | volume=II | publisher=Public Record Office | location=London | ref={{harvid|Parl Writs II|1830}} }}
| title=Parliamentary Writs Alphabetical Digest | year=1834 | volume=II | publisher=Public Record Office | location=London | ref={{harvid|Parl Writs II Digest|1834}} }}
External links
12 : Year of birth unknown|1347 deaths|14th-century English MPs|People from Leicestershire|History of Leicestershire|People from Northamptonshire|History of Northamptonshire|Medieval English knights|High Sheriffs of Warwickshire|High Sheriffs of Leicestershire|Speakers of the House of Commons of England|Sheriffs of Warwickshire |
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