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词条 Withdrawal of low-denomination coins
释义

  1. Reasons

  2. Countries

  3. See also

  4. References

The withdrawal of a country's lowest-denomination coins from circulation (usually a one-cent coin or equivalent) may either be through a decision to remove the coins from circulation, or simply through ceasing minting.

Reasons

This withdrawal may be due to the high cost of production, since the coin may be worth less than its cost of production. For example, when Canada phased out its penny in 2012, its production cost was 1.6 cents per penny.[1]

Other reasons include low purchasing power and low utility. Often coins are withdrawn after their purchasing power has been eroded after decades of inflation. In Switzerland, the 1 Rappen coin had fallen into disuse by the early 1980s, but was still produced until 2006, albeit in ever decreasing quantities. Conversely, the British Treasury department initially argued for the retention of the decimal halfpenny, on the grounds that its withdrawal would drive up inflation.[2]

In some countries, such as New Zealand,[3] withdrawn coins are declared to be no longer legal tender; in other countries, such as Australia, they remain legal tender indefinitely.[4]

When the coin in question is no longer minted, prices are rounded, typically through Swedish rounding.[5]

Efforts have been made to end the routine use of pennies, and equivalents thereof, in several more countries, including the United States.[6] Countries in the Eurozone have had different responses to the issue; according to James Debono writing for Malta Today, "scrapping the coins is considered unthinkable for Germany where both consumers and retailers are obsessed with precise pricing."[7]

Countries

{{Dynamic list}}

Countries that have withdrawn their lowest-denomination coins include:

CountryCoin(s)Year of last mintingWithdrawal dateLegal tender?Notes
Argentina}} 1 centavo 2001 N/A Yes Not officially withdrawn
Australia}} 1 and 2 cents 1991 1 February 1992 Yes Legal tender for amounts not exceeding 20 cents[4]; can be paid into bank accounts but sometimes refused
Belgium}} 1 and 2 euro cent N/A 2014 Yes Remain in use at some retailers; Coins are still struck for annual coin sets[8]
Brazil}} 1 centavo 2005 N/A Yes Not officially withdrawn
Canada}} 1 cent 2012 4 February 2013[9] Yes
Croatia}} 1 and 2 lipa 2012 N/A Yes Not officially withdrawn; since 2009, coins struck only as annual coin sets[10]
Czech Republic}} 10 and 20 haléřů
50 haléřů 		N/A 31 October 2003
31 August 2008 		No
Denmark}} 1 and 2 øre
5 and 10 øre
25 øre 		1973
1989
2008 		1 April 1973
1 July 1989
1 October 2008 		No[11] Exchangeable at Danmarks Nationalbank for 3 years after withdrawal - now treated as scrap metal
Fiji}} 1 and 2 cents 2005 13 November 2008 No
Finland}} 1 and 2 euro cent N/A 2002 Yes Only a few were minted; coins are still struck for annual coin sets[12]
Hong Kong}} 1 cent
5 cents 		1941
1980 		?
1 January 1989 		No Can be exchanged or paid into HSBC bank
Hungary}} 2 and 5 filler
10 and 20 filler
50 filler
1 and 2 forint 		1992
1996
1999
2008 		30 September 1992
30 September 1996
30 September 1999
1 March 2008 		No 2- and 5-filler coins were exchangeable at the Hungarian National Bank until 31 December 1993.
10- and 20-filler coins were exchangeable until 31 December 1997.
50-filler coins were exchangeable until 30 September 2000.
1- and 2-forint coins were exchangeable for five years from the date of withdrawal[13]
Ireland}}Halfpenny (decimal)
1 and 2 euro cent 		1986
N/A 		1 January 1987
28 October 2015 		No
Yes 		(euro coins) Rounding is optional for consumers[14][15]
Israel}} 1 agora
5 agorot 		1991
2006 		1 April 1991
1 January 2008 		No Exchangeable at the Bank of Israel and commercial banks until 31 December 2010[16]
Italy}} 1 and 2 euro cent N/A 1 January 2018 Yes Coins are still struck for annual coin sets
Malaysia}} 1 sen 2008 1 April 2008[17] Yes
Moldova}} 1 ban
25 bani
50 bani 		2017
2017
2012		 N/A Yes Not officially withdrawn, only the production of the coins was stopped
Netherlands}} 1 and 2 euro cent N/A 1 September 2004 Yes Rounding is optional for retailers[18]
New Zealand}} 1 and 2 cents
5 cents 		1987
2004 		30 April 1990
1 November 2006		 No[3] Exchangeable at the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (but amounts over $5 must be paid into a New Zealand bank)
Norway}} 1 and 2 øre
5 and 25 øre
10 øre
50 øre 		1972
1982
1992
2012

1993
1 May 2012 		No


Norges Bank is obliged to redeem 50-øre coins until 2022[19]
Papua New Guinea}} 1 and 2 toea 2006 19 April 2007 No
Romania}} 1 ban 2018 N/A Yes Not officially withdrawn
Russia}} 1 and 5 kopeks
10 and 50 kopeks 		2017
2014		 N/A Yes Not officially withdrawn
Singapore}} 1 cent 2002[20] N/A Yes Not officially withdrawn
South Africa}} 1 and 2 cents
5 cents 		2002[21]
2012[22] 		1 April 2002
1 April 2012 		Yes
Sweden}} 1 and 2 öre
5 öre and 25 öre
10 öre
50 öre 		1971
1984
1991
2009 		30 June 1972
30 June 1985
30 September 1992
30 September 2010 		No Payable into bank accounts for several months after withdrawal - now treated as scrap metal
Switzerland}} 1 Rappen
2 Rappen 		2006
1974 		1 January 2007
1978 		No Exchangeable at the Swiss National Bank for 20 years after withdrawal
Trinidad and Tobago}} 1 cent 2014 2018 No Production ceased in 2014 and lost its validity in 2018; exchangeable at the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago
United Kingdom}}2}} penny 1983 31 December 1984 No[2] Can be paid into bank accounts at discretion of commercial banks; cannot be exchanged by general public at the Royal Mint although private companies exist which can do so
United States of America}}2}} cent 1857 21 February 1857 No
Uruguay}} 10 and 20 centésimos
50 centésimos 		1994
2008 		2005
1 July 2010 		No
Vanuatu}} 1 and 2 vatu 2011 31 March 2011 Yes[23]

See also

{{Portal|Money|Numismatics}}
  • Cent (currency)
  • Penny

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/02/04/canada-cuts-costs-by-eliminating-penny-while-us-clings-to-costly-coin/|title=Canada cuts costs by eliminating penny, while US still clings to iconic coin|date=4 February 2013|website=FoxNews.com|access-date=12 October 2015}}
2. ^1 {{cite news|title=1984: Halfpenny coin to meet its maker|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/1/newsid_2828000/2828819.stm|accessdate=21 October 2015|agency=BBC}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|title=History of New Zealand Coinage|url=http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/notes_and_coins/coins/0094086.html|publisher=Reserve Bank of New Zealand|accessdate=20 October 2015}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/legal/legal-tender/ |title=RBA Banknotes: Legal Tender |publisher=Rba.gov.au}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/save-the-penny-or-leave-the-penny-1.941781|title=Save the penny or leave the penny?|website=www.cbc.ca|accessdate=2015-10-12}}
6. ^{{cite news |last=Lewis |first=Mark |title=Ban The Penny |date=5 July 2002 |url=https://www.forbes.com/2002/07/05/0705penny.html |accessdate=2009-05-07 |work=Forbes}}
7. ^{{cite news|last1=Debono|first1=James|title=1c and 2c coins here to stay|url=http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/37856/1c_and_2c_coins_here_to_stay_#.ViW9yCta0To|accessdate=20 October 2015|work=Malta Today|date=10 April 2014}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=2015 Belgium 9-Coin BU Coin Set|url=http://rsmint.com/2015belgiumeurobuset.aspx|accessdate=21 October 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://actionplan.gc.ca/en/initiative/phasing-out-penny|title=Phasing out the Penny {{!}} Canada's Economic Action Plan|website=ActionPlan.gc.ca|access-date=12 October 2015}}
10. ^{{Cite web|title = Kovanica 1 lipe, jedna lipa - katalog hrvatskog novca {{!}} KUNALIPA|url = http://www.kunalipa.com/katalog/kovanice/1-lipa.php|website = www.kunalipa.com|accessdate = 2015-11-23}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Say Goodbye to the Smallest Danish Coin, the 25-Øre|url=http://www.coinnews.net/2008/03/27/say-goodbye-to-the-smallest-danish-coin-the-25-re-4019/|website=CoinNews.net|accessdate=21 October 2015}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fleur-de-coin.com/eurocoins/finland-euro-coins|title=Finland euro coins|publisher=Fleur de Coin|accessdate=29 June 2017}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Exchangeable cash withdrawn from circulation|url=http://www.mnb.hu/en/banknotes-and-coins/cashier-services-for-general-public/exchangeable-cash-withdrawn-from-circulation|publisher=Hungarian National Bank|accessdate=20 October 2015}}
14. ^{{cite news|last1=Pollak|first1=Sorcha|title=Coin rounding to begin as 1 cent, 2 cent coins phased out|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/consumer/coin-rounding-to-begin-as-1-cent-2-cent-coins-phased-out-1.2397307|accessdate=20 October 2015|work=Irish Times|date=19 October 2015}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=Rounding of one and two cent coins under way|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2015/1028/737876-rounding-of-one-and-two-cent/|accessdate=29 October 2015|work=RTÉ News|date=28 October 2015}}
16. ^http://www.pressreader.com/israel/jerusalem-post/20100914/282102043000720
17. ^{{cite news|title=Doing away with one-sen coin payment|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2f2007%2f11%2f14%2fnation%2f19460993&sec=nation&focus=1|accessdate=20 October 2015|work=The Star|date=14 November 2007}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Rounding to multiples of 5 cents|url=http://www.dnb.nl/en/payments/euro-banknotes-and-coins/rounding-to-multiples-of-5-cents/|publisher=De Nederlandsche Bank|accessdate=20 October 2015}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=50-øre coin withdrawn in 2012|url=http://www.norges-bank.no/en/notes-and-coins/Withdrawn-notes-and-coins/50-ore-coin-withdrawn-in-2012/|publisher=Norges Bank|accessdate=21 October 2015}}
20. ^{{cite news|last1=Ang|first1=Benson|title=1-cent coin headed for history|url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/Story/A1Story20130624-431864.html|accessdate=20 October 2015|work=AsiaOne|date=25 June 2013}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=One Cent (1c)|url=http://www.samint.co.za/1c.aspx|publisher=South African Mint|accessdate=21 October 2015}}
22. ^{{cite news|title=5c coin to be discontinued|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2011/11/24/5c-coin-to-be-discontinued|accessdate=21 October 2015|work=The Times|date=24 November 2011}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Reserve Bank of Vanuatu statement: 1 and 2 vatu coins|url=http://www.rbv.gov.vu/attachments/article/253/RBV%20statement%20on%20status%20of%20Vt1%20and%20Vt2%20and%20Rounding%20-%20English.pdf|publisher=Reserve Bank of Vanuatu|accessdate=21 October 2015}}

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