| 词条 | Woodhouse Colliery |
| 释义 |
| name = Woodhouse Colliery | image = | width = | caption = | pushpin_map = Cumbria | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_image = | pushpin_label = Location within Cumbria | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates ={{Coord|54|31|31.8|N|3|35|49.7|W|display=inline,title}} | place = Whitehaven | subdivision_type = County | state/province = Cumbria | country = England | products = Coal | amount = {{convert|3,000,000|tonne}} projected per annum | financial year = | type = | greatest depth = | opening year ={{Start date|2020}} (Projected) Full production expected in 2023 | owner = West Cumbria Mining (WCM) | official website ={{URL|https://www.westcumbriamining.com|Official website}} }} Woodhouse Colliery is a proposed coal mine near to Whitehaven in Cumbria, England. The proposal is for the first deep coal mine in England since Asfordby pit in 1987. The coal mine has been advertised as bringing jobs to a deprived area but has also come in for criticism by green campaigners. In 2019, Cumbria County Council granted the planning permission for the venture. It is not to be confused with the former Woodhouse Close Colliery in Bishop Auckland, County Durham, which operated between 1835 and 1934.[1] HistoryIn June 2014, West Cumbria Mining announced its intention to invest £14.7 million in a venture to explore for premium quality coking coal underneath the sea off Whitehaven.[2] The project had started before as a plan to find and gasify the coal for energy use, but when the quality of the coal was discovered, it precipitated a shift into mining the coal for steelmaking. It is intended to use the coal only for coking rather than for the electricity supply industry (ESI). The fall in the price of ESI coal in the world markets also precipitated the closure of mines using coal only for ESI.[3][4][5] If approved, the mine would be Englands' first deep coal mine since the Asfordby pit was sunk in 1987.[6] The inferred resources suggest that the mine could produce over {{convert|3,000,000|tonne}} of coal per year from across a {{convert|200|km2|order=flip|adj=on}} section underneath the Irish Sea.[6] Backers of the scheme point out that Britain imports {{convert|6,000,000|tonne}} of coke per year, of which none is sourced in Europe, with most being from Australia and the USA.[7][8][9] The mine would use former but extant tunnels from previous mining ventures for coal and anhydrite.[10] The mine head would be located on the former Marchon chemical works site close to Haig Colliery and the suburb of Woodhouse just south of Whitehaven town centre in Cumbria.[11][12][14][13] The proposal would be to mine the carboniferous coal seam up to a maximum depth of {{convert|550|m|0|order=flip}}.[14] In 2017, a geological team were working offshore from St Bees Head drilling into the rock {{convert|25|m|order=flip}} below the sea bed to a depth of {{convert|600|m|order=flip}}. This will determine the quality of the coal and check for any geological conditions that could affect the planning of the mine.[15] The mine is expected to have a life of 50 years and employ 500 workers with the possibility the area contains over {{convert|750,000,000|tonne}} of coal in its reserves.[16] 80% of the output from the mine has been promised to be railed out of the area to Redcar Bulk Terminal on Teesside for export.[7] A conveyor would move the coal from the site to a loader {{convert|2.5|km|order=flip|0}} away.[17] Trains would number up to six per day including Saturdays, though the company acknowledge that the increase in traffic on the railway would require signalling improvements on the Cumbrian Coast Line.[18] Additionally, West Cumbria Mining have applied to install a solar farm on the estate that would cover {{convert|600|acre}} and provide 40% of the electricity needs of the mining operation.[19] West Cumbria Mining is owned by EMR Capital, a company based in Australia that has injected over £20 million into the venture by June 2017. A further £200 million was projected to be spent in final testing, acquisition of rights and the implementation of the mine.[18]The facility itself is expected t cost in the region of £165 million.[20] The prospect of England's first new coal mine in over 30 years has prompted anger in parts of the local community with an action group (38 Degrees) starting up with the slogan Keep Cumbrian coal in the hole.[21] The protesters have pointed out that the underground workings would extend to within {{convert|8|km|0|order=flip}} of the nuclear ponds at Sellafield and they also cite the proximity of the mine to a proposed new nuclear facility at Moorside.[22] Another concern is that of the prevalence of methane in the Cumbrian Coalfield. The protest group have pointed out that the dangerous levels of gas made the region an ideal test-bed for the Davy Lamp in 1816.[21][23][24][25] Approvals and appealsIn March 2019, a meeting of Cumbria County Council's planning committee voted unanimously in favour of the project citing "the desperate need for jobs, particularly in deprived wards close to the proposed new mine". Green campaigners announced that they would launch a legal challenge. A spokesperson for South Lakes Action on Climate Change, said that the mine would "totally undermine Cumbria's chances of hitting emission targets".[26] Notes1. ^{{cite web |title=Durham Mining Museum - Woodhouse Close Colliery |url=http://www.dmm.org.uk/colliery/w044.htm |website=www.dmm.org.uk |accessdate=11 July 2018}} 2. ^{{cite news |title=Plans to restore mining industry |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-27773853 |accessdate=11 July 2018 |work=BBC News |date=10 June 2014}} 3. ^Such as Kellingley in West Yorkshire, the last deep coal mine in operation in Britain which closed after a drop in the world coal price. 4. ^{{cite news |last1=Lodge |first1=Tony |title=Tony Lodge: Old King Coal is dead, but long live British mining |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/opinion/tony-lodge-old-king-coal-is-dead-but-long-live-british-mining-1-8205666 |accessdate=16 July 2018 |work=The Yorkshire Post |date=28 October 2016}} 5. ^{{cite news |last1=Bounds |first1=Andrew |title=Date set for closure of UK’s last deep mine at Kellingley |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c3ab8fa0-9aa2-11e5-a5c1-ca5db4add713 |accessdate=17 July 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=11 December 2015|subscription=yes}} 6. ^{{cite news |last1=Samuel |first1=Juliet |title=Vast coal discovery off Cumbria coast 'could fire up British mining industry' |work=The Times |date=24 May 2013 |page=57|issn=0140-0460}} 7. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Leroux |first1=Marcus |title=Old King Coal makes a comeback in north west |url=https://search.proquest.com/news/docview/1625304150/12322D693F984844PQ/36?accountid=55837 |accessdate=11 July 2018 |work=The Times |date=17 November 2014|subscription=yes}} 8. ^This was before the SSI UK steelworks at Redcar closed in 2015, imports of coke have dropped in line with demand with supply from Canada stopping completely in 2015. 9. ^{{cite web |title=UK coking coal imports by country 2002-2017 {{!}} Statistics |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/370688/coking-coal-imports-to-the-united-kingdom-by-country/ |website=statista.com |accessdate=13 July 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web |last1=Lempriere |first1=Molly |title=Mining the UK - Mining Technology |url=https://www.mining-technology.com/features/mining-the-uk/ |website=mining-technology.com |accessdate=16 July 2018 |date=23 January 2018}} 11. ^{{cite news |last1=Vaughan |first1=Adam |title=Minister cites climate change in rejection of opencast coal mine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/23/minister-rejects-opencast-coal-mine-northumberland-citing-climate-change-fears |accessdate=11 July 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=23 March 2018}} 12. ^The Guardian article states that the proposed mine site is south of Kendal, but this is incorrect. A letter the following week by Marianne Kirkby amends this error. 13. ^{{cite map|title =Whitehaven & Workington |map =303 |year =2015 |scale =1:25,000 |series =Explorer |publisher =Ordnance Survey |isbn =9780319245552 }} 14. ^{{cite web |title=Hydrological and Hydrogeological Support for Proposed Metallurgical Coal Mine - ESI Consulting |url=https://esi-consulting.co.uk/our-work/minerals-waste/hydrological-hydrogeological-support-proposed-metallurgical-coal-mine/ |website=esi-consulting.co.uk |accessdate=16 July 2018}} 15. ^{{cite news |title=Plans on display for West Cumbria coking coal mine |url=http://www.whitehavennews.co.uk/news/Plans-on-display-for-West-Cumbria-coking-coal-mine-f8c74662-6413-4597-a02a-6ef278f28a86-ds |accessdate=11 July 2018 |work=Whitehaven News |date=23 June 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web |last1=Abbott |first1=Jez |title=Planners probe metallurgical coal {{!}} Mineral and Waste Planning |url=https://www.mineralandwasteplanning.co.uk/planners-probe-metallurgical-coal/industrial-minerals/article/1437022 |website=www.mineralandwasteplanning.co.uk |accessdate=16 July 2018 |date=20 June 2017}} 17. ^{{cite magazine |last1=Jones |first1=Ben |title=Coal traffic for Cumbrian coast? |magazine=The Railway Magazine |date=March 2018 |volume=164 |issue=1,404 |page=78 |publisher=Mortons Media |location=Horncastle |issn=0033-8923}} 18. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Bounds |first1=Andy |title=Global demand for coking coal set to revive Cumbria mining |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b054c570-528e-11e7-bfb8-997009366969 |accessdate=11 July 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=19 June 2017|subscription=yes}} 19. ^{{cite news |title=2019 start proposed for work on £165m undersea mine off West Cumbria coast |url=http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/2019-start-proposed-for-work-on-165m-undersea-mine-off-West-Cumbria-coast-b77d1b73-60b5-4583-a431-7fece884c53a-ds |accessdate=16 July 2018 |work=News and Star |date=23 April 2018}} 20. ^{{cite news |last1=Lea |first1=Robert |title=First deep coal mine since 1980s approved |work=The Times |issue=72,799 |date=20 March 2019 |page=40|issn=0140-0460}} 21. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Birkby |first1=Marianne |title=Cumbrian coal must stay in the ground where it belongs {{!}} Letters |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/28/cumbrian-coal-must-stay-in-the-ground-where-it-belongs |accessdate=11 July 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=28 March 2018}} 22. ^{{cite news |title=Protesters march in the rain against St Bees coal mine plans |url=http://www.nwemail.co.uk/news/Protesters-march-in-the-rain-against-St-Bees-coal-mine-plans-7780917b-1e3b-4806-adac-8e2569b19d94-ds |accessdate=11 July 2018 |work=North West Evening Mail |date=11 September 2017}} 23. ^{{cite news |title=Untitled |work=Cumberland Pacquet and Ware's Whitehaven Advertiser |date=9 April 1816 |page=3|oclc=18699629}} 24. ^A 2004 British Geological Survey report details the known gaseous nature of the mines around Whitehaven and stated that the coal was not worthwhile mining for due to the methane and geological instability in the region. The boreholes that this data was taken from were drilled to a depth of {{convert|400|m|order=flip}} but were all undertaken on land, not on reserves under the sea. 25. ^{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=NS |last2=Holloway |first2=S |last3=Creedy |first3=DP |last4=Garner |first4=K |last5=Smith |first5=NJP |last6=Browne |first6=MAE |last7=Durucan |first7=S |title=UK Coal Resource for New Exploitation Technologies Final Report |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/509526/1/CR04015N.pdf |website=Nora.nerc.ac.uk |publisher=British Geological Society |accessdate=16 July 2018 |pages=103–104 |format=PDF |date=2004}} 26. ^{{cite news |title=Whitehaven deep coal mine plan moves step closer |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-47629731 |accessdate=19 March 2019 |work=BBC News |date=19 March 2019}} References{{reflist}}Sources
External links
3 : Coal mines in England|Mining in Cumbria|Whitehaven |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。