“World Chess960 Championship”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The World Chess960 Championship is a match or tournament held to determine a world champion in Chess960 (also known as Fischer Random chess), a popular chess variant in which the positions of pieces on the players' home ranks are randomized with certain constraints. Although FIDE does not recognize a Chess960 world champion or sponsor regular tournaments in the format, the Chess Classic at Mainz and other non-FIDE affiliated organizations have hosted high-profile Chess960 tournaments and matches. Time controls for Chess960 are non-standardized, and usually conform to the wishes of the tournament sponsor or organizer. As a result, Chess960 championships have been held with irregular time controls ranging from rapid (Mainz) to blitz and bullet.^[1]

Background

The concept of Fischerandom chess originated as a proposal by former world champion Bobby Fischer, who initially presented it as a variant of shuffle chess and placed constraints on the possible positions in order to improve playability and reduce the chances of an unbalanced opening position^[2]. Fischer revealed the variant to the world on June 19, 1996, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, naming it 'Fischerandom' as a portmanteau of his name and the word 'random'. The goal of the game, as stated by Fischer, was to eliminate reliance on preparation and the memorization of various openings, and emphasize creativity and talent.^[3] Although the planned match between Eugene Torre and Pablo Ricardi, intended to showcase the new format, was canceled after a dispute between Fischer and the organizers, the variant quickly grew in popularity. That very same year, the first-ever Fischer Random chess tournament was held in Kanjiza, Yugoslavia. The tournament was not a world-class event, however, and it was not until 2001 that stronger matches/tournaments began to be held in the format.

1996 Kanjiza tournament

The first international Fischer Random tournament was held in Kanjiza, a small town in Yugoslavia near the border of Hungary. The tournament was a 12-player round robin, and utilized a mix of rapid and blitz time controls - 25 minutes for the first 20 moves, and 5 minutes for the remainder of the game. Due to the irregular time controls, several players lost on time, and the quality of the games was thought to have suffered as a result. A set of four dice was used to randomly determine the starting position of the pieces prior to each game.^[4]

The tournament was won by the 17-year old Peter Leko, one of the two grandmasters participating in the event. Leko, who was born in the nearby town of Subotica, scored 9½/11 to win the tournament by a half-point over Yugoslavian grandmaster Stanimir Nikolic.

FiNet Chess960 World Championship at Mainz

In 2001, the first Fischer Random World Championship was held at the Chess Classic in Mainz, Germany. The brainchild of Hans-Walter Schmitt, the Chess Classic featured top-ranked players playing rapid and FischeRandom chess games against computers as well as each other. The first edition of the Fischer Random event was an eight-game match between Peter Leko and Michael Adams, and was originally not billed as a 'World Championship' (although this billing would apply to future events, following the inauguration of the World New Chess Association in 2003).^[5] Both participants were selected by the organizers - Leko for his experience in Chess960 tournaments, and Adams for his skill in rapid chess. The match, which was eventually won by Leko, was played under standard rapid time controls of 25 minutes per player.^[6]

Subsequent editions of the championship were held in a format similar to that of the concurrent Rapid World Championship at Mainz. A strong open tournament featuring potential contenders for the world title was held, and the winner of the tournament would receive a chance to challenge the reigning champion in an eight-game match next year. Subsequently, the reigning champion would play a championship match against the winner of the previous open tournament. In 2007, the format of the championship was changed to a double-round robin, with the top two finishers advancing to a final match.^[7] Over the nine-year span of the event, four different grandmasters captured the world title - Leko, Peter Svidler, Levon Aronian, and Hikaru Nakamura. With the withdrawal of funding for the Chess Classic in 2010, however, the event came to an end and the world Chess960 title became defunct with Nakamura as the reigning champion.

In addition to the Chess960 Open and Chess960 Championship match, separate Chess960 Women's Championship matches was held in 2006 and 2008. Russian grandmaster Alexandra Kosteniuk won both matches, defeating Elisabeth Pähtz and Kateryna Lahno.^[8]

2018 'Unofficial' World Championship Match

Beginning on 9 February 2018, reigning Chess960 champion Hikaru Nakamura is slated to play a 16-game Chess960 exhibition match against the current world champion Magnus Carlsen at the Henie Onstad Kunstsenter in Oslo, Norway.^[9] The match was announced by Jøran Aulin-Jansson, president of the Norwegian Chess Federation, in October 2017 as a supporting program for an ongoing art exhibition Dag Alveng - Still Time at the Henie Onstad museum. Time controls for the match are categorized as 'slow-rapid' and 'fast-rapid'; players are given 45 minutes for 40 moves plus 15 minutes afterwards for the first eight games, and 10 minutes plus a five-second increment for the final eight games. Slow-rapid games are to be weighted twice as heavily as their fast-rapid counterparts.^[10]

Background

1996 Kanjiza tournament

FiNet Chess960 World Championship at Mainz

2018 'Unofficial' World Championship Match

See also

References