“Wotjobaluk people”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Wotjobaluk people

释义

Language
Country
Social organization
Hunting lore
Alternative names
Some words
Notes
Citations
Sources

The Wotjobaluk were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Victoria.

Language

R. H. Mathews supplied a brief analysis of the Wotjobaluk language, describing what he called the Tyattyalla dialect of the Wotjobaluk around Albacutya{{sfn|Mathews|1902|pp=77ff.}} He stated that it was characterized by four numbers: the singular, the dual, trial, and plural.{{sfn|Mathews|1902|p=72}} There were, in addition, two forms of the trial number for the Ist person, depending on whether the person addressed was included or excluded.{{sfn|Mathews|1902|p=72}} Thus one obtains: wutju (a man); "wutju-buliñ" (two men); wutju-kullik (three men); wutju-getyaul (several men).{{sfn|Mathews|1902|p=72}}{{sfn|Mathews|1902|p=77}}

Country

Wotjobaluk territory took in some {{convert|4,800|mi2|km2}} inclusive of the Wimmera River, Outlet Creek and the two eutrophic lakes, Hindmarsh and Albacutya. Their southern borders down ran to Dimboola, Kaniva, and Servicetown. Their western frontier lay beyond Yanac, and to the east, as far as Warracknabeal and Lake Korong. Their northern horizon reached Pine Plains.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=208}}

Social organization

The Wotjobaluk were divided into 11 hordes:{{sfn|Hartmann|1878|p=39}}

Lail-buil between Pine Plains and the River Murray.
Jakelbalak between Pine Plains and Lake Albacutya.
Kromelak at Lake Albacutya.
Wanmung Wanmungkur at Lake Hindmarsh.
Kapuu-kapunbara on the River Wimmera, towards Lake Hindmarsh.
Duwinbarap west of River Wimmera.
Jackalbarap west of Duwinbarap.
Jarambiuk at Yarriambiack Creek (so called).
Whitewurudiuk, east of Yarriambiack Creek.
Kerabialbarap south of Mount Arapiles.
Murra-murra-barap in the Grampians.

Hunting lore

Wotjobaluk hunters told Adolf Hartmann that kangaroos had acute hearing, and could twig the presence of a predator at 150 yards simply by hearing the noise of ankle-bones cracking. Older kangaroos were apt to cast their young from their marsupial pouch if chased by dingos, to distract the dogs from their main prey.{{sfn|Hartmann|1878|p=250}}

Alternative names

Wotjo-ba-laiuruk (lit. "men and women")
Wuttyabullak, Wuttyuballeak
Buibatjali (dialect name), buibatyalli
Wattyabullak
Woychibirik (name for man = wotjo])
Woitu-bullar (plural of man as used in Barapa Barapa tribe)
Tjatijala (regional name west of Lake Hindmarsh)
Tyattyalla, Djadjala
Kurm-me-lak (horde name = Gromiluk)
Wimmera tribe
Gourrbaluk (Gour =Lake Hindmarsh, name used by Wemba-Wemba)
Gnallbagootchyourl{{sfn|Stone|1911|p=435}}
Ngalbagutja denoting Lake Albucutya, a Wemba-Wemba exonym used of northern hordes of the Wotjobaluk)
Malikunditj (northern tribal exonym)
Malleegunditch{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=208}}

Some words

wotjo (a man)
laiaruk. (a woman)
kulkun. (a boy)
lanangurk. (a girl).{{sfn|Mathews|1902|p=77}}
mindyun (a kangaroo)
dhallung (male or buck klangaroo)
muty (doer or female kangaroo){{sfn|Mathews|1902|p=78}}
gal. (dog){{sfn|Mathews|1902|p=78}}
winya nyua. (Who is there?){{sfn|Mathews|1902|p=81}}

Notes

Citations

Sources

{{Cite book| title = Letters from Victorian Pioneers

| year = 1898
| editor-last = Bride | editor-first = Thomas Francis
| publisher = Robert S Brain Government Printer | location = Melbourne
| url = https://archive.org/download/lettersfromvicto00publiala/lettersfromvicto00publiala.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent

| last = Curr | first = Edward Micklethwaite
| author-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr
| year = 1887
| editor-last = Curr | editor-first = Edward Micklethwaite | editor-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr
| volume = Volume 3
| publisher = J. Ferres | location = Melbourne
| url = https://archive.org/download/australianracei02currgoog/australianracei02currgoog.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = The Aborigines of Victoria: with notes relating to the habits of the natives of other parts of Australia and Tasmania

| last = Hartmann | first = Rev. Adolf
| year = 1878
| editor-last = Smyth | editor-first = Robert Brough | editor-link = Robert Brough Smyth
| volume = Volume 1 | pages = 39,249–251
| publisher = J. Ferres, gov't printer | location = Melbourne
| url = https://archive.org/download/aboriginesofvict01smyt/aboriginesofvict01smyt.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = The native tribes of south-east Australia

| last = Howitt | first = Alfred William
| author-link = Alfred William Howitt
| year = 1904
| publisher = Macmillan
| url = https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:319345/AU0094_NativeTribes_SE_Australia.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Aboriginal languages of Victoria

| last = Mathews | first = R. H.
| author-link = Robert Hamilton Mathews
| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales
| year = 1902 | volume = 36 | pages = 71–106
| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41780465
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = The Euahlayi tribe; a study of aboriginal life in Australia

| last = Parker | first = K. Langloh
| author-link = K. Langloh Parker
| year = 1905
| publisher = A. Constable & Co.,
| url = https://archive.org/download/euahlayitribewi00langgoog/euahlayitribewi00langgoog.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = The Aborigines of Victoria: with notes relating to the habits of the natives of other parts of Australia and Tasmania

| last = Smyth | first = Robert Brough
| author-link = Robert Brough Smyth
| year = 1878
| volume = Volume 1
| publisher = J. Ferres, gov't printer | location = Melbourne
| url = https://archive.org/download/aboriginesofvict01smyt/aboriginesofvict01smyt.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Aborigines of Lake Boga

| last = Stone | first = A. C.
| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria
| via = BHL
| year = 1911 | volume = 23 | pages = 433–468
| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8492098
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| chapter = Wotjobaluk (VIC)

| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett
| author-link = Norman Tindale
| year = 1974
| title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
| publisher = Australian National University Press
| chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/wotjobaluk.htm
| isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6
| ref = harv
}}{{refend}}{{Victorian Aborigines}}

1 : Aboriginal peoples of Victoria (Australia)

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