| 词条 | Wudjari |
| 释义 |
The Wudjari were an indigenous Noongar people of the southern region of Western Australia. CountryThe Wudjari's traditional lands are estimated to have extended over some {{convert|6,900|mi2|km2}}, encompassing the southern coastal area from the Gairdner River eastwards, as far as Point Malcolm. The inland extension was to about 30 miles. Kent, Ravensthorpe, Fanny Cove, Esperance, and Cape Arid all have been developed over the old Wudjari lands.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=261}} Early historyThere was a western/eastern divide among the Wudjari hordes. At the earliest point of contact with white explorers, it was noted that the western divisions were on the move, shifting towards Bremer Bay. The groups to the east of Fanny Cove and the Young River, on the other hand, had adopted circumcision as part of their tribal initiatory rites, a transformation that earned them the name of Bardonjunga/Bardok among those Wudjari who refused to absorb the practice. This customary scission, according to Norman Tindale, perhaps marked the inchoate genesis of a new tribal identity among the easterners, who had also adopted a differential ethnonym for themselves; Nyunga.{{efn|The autonym means "man" an assertive self-definition to defend themselves against charges by neighbouring circumcising tribes (for example the Ngadjunmaia called them derisively "women") that they were less than men.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=41}}}} These Wudjari Njunga contested the terrain between Mount Ragged and Israelite Bay{{efn|The name aptly demarcates the cultural border between the circumcising and non-circumcising tribes of the area.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=41}}}} with the Ngadjunmaia.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=261}} CuriosityIn 1855 an edited account was published of a shipwrecked castaway, called William Jackman, purporting to relate 18 months of captivity among Australian cannibal tribes somewhere on the Great Australian Bight.{{sfn|Jackman|1855}} The story proved very popular, and the narrative seen as fascinating, but suspicions have long existed as to its authenticity. In 2002, the historian Martin Gibbs analysed both the book and its historical background and context, and concluded that some elements certainly bore traces of familiarity with the Nyungar cultural block. In particular he conjectured that parts of the tale might well reflect experience of living among the Wudjari, or Nyunga, or even the Ngadjunmaia.{{sfn|Gibbs|2002|p=12}} Alternative names
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Notes{{notelist}}CitationsSources{{refbegin}}
| publisher = AIATSIS | url = https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/aiatsis-map-indigenous-australia | ref = {{harvid|AIATSIS}} }}
| last = Chester | first = George | year = 1886 | title = The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent | editor-last = Curr | editor-first = Edward Micklethwaite | editor-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr | volume = Volume 1 | pages = 390–391 | publisher = J. Ferres | location = Melbourne | url = https://archive.org/download/australianracei01currgoog/australianracei01currgoog.pdf | format = PDF | ref = harv }}
| last = Gibbs | first = Martin | journal = The Great Circle | publisher = Australian Association for Maritime History | year = 2002 | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 3–21 | jstor = 41563113 | ref = harv }}
| last = Jackman | first = William | year = 1855 | editor-last = Chamberlayne | editor-first = Reverend I. | publisher = Derby and Miller | location = Auburn | url = http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/53/1853_WilliamJackman.pdf | format = PDF | ref = harv }}
| publisher = Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Western Australia | url = https://www.daa.wa.gov.au/globalassets/pdf-files/maps/state/tindale_daa.pdf | format = PDF | date = September 2016 | ref = {{harvid|TTB|2016}} }}
| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | author-link = Norman Tindale | year = 1974 | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | publisher = Australian National University | chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/wudjari.htm | ref = harv }}{{refend}}{{Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia}} 3 : Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia|Extinct ethnic groups|Great Southern (Western Australia) |
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