| 释义 |
- Phonology Initials Rimes Tones Initial assimilation Tone sandhi
- References
{{Infobox language
|name=Xiapu dialect
|nativename={{lang|cdo|霞浦話}}
|pronunciation=
|states=Southern China
|region=Xiapu, Ningde, Fujian
|speakers=?
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=Chinese
|fam3=Min
|fam4=Eastern Min
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=none
|lingua=79-AAA-ibe
|notice=IPA
}}Xiapu dialect (Eastern Min: 霞浦話) is a dialect of Eastern Min Chinese spoken in Xiapu, Ningde in northeastern Fujian province of China. Phonology Xiapu dialect has 15 initials, 43 rimes and 7 tones. Initials | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
|---|
| Nasal | m}}
蒙 | n}}
日 | ŋ}}
語 |
|---|
| Stop | Aspirated | pʰ}}
波 | tʰ}}
他 | kʰ}}
氣 |
|---|
| Tenuis | p}}
邊 | t}}
低 | k}}
求 | ʔ}}
鶯 |
|---|
| Fricative | {{IPA link>β}}) | θ}}
時 | {{IPA link>ʒ}}) | x}}
喜 |
|---|
| Affricate | Aspirated | ʦʰ}}
出 |
|---|
| Tenuis | ʦ}}
曾 |
|---|
| Lateral | l}}
柳 |
|---|
Rimes | a}} | ia}} | ua}} | ai}} | au}} | uai}} | | aŋ}} | iaŋ}} | uaŋ}} | aiŋ}} | ɔuŋ}} | | aʔ}} | iaʔ}} | uaʔ}} | aiʔ}} | ɔuʔ}} | | ɛ}}, {{IPA link|ɔ}} | ɛu}} | | ɔʔ}} | | e}}, {{IPA link|o}} | ø}} | oi}} | eu}} | | eiŋ}}, {{IPA|ouŋ}} | yoŋ}} | | eiʔ}}, {{IPA|ouʔ}} | øʔ}}, {{IPA|yoʔ}} | | u}} | iu}} | ui}} | | uŋ}} | yuŋ}} | | uʔ}} | yuʔ}} | | i}}, {{IPA link|y}} | | iŋ}} | | iʔ}} |
Tones | No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|
| Tone name | dark level
陰平 | light level
陽平 | rising
上聲 | dark departing
陰去 | light departing
陽去 | dark entering
陰入 | light entering
陽入 |
|---|
| Tone contour | ˦}} (44) | ˨}} (22) | ˦˨}} (42) | ˧˥}} (35) | ˨˩˨}} (212) | ˥}} (5) | ˨}} (2) |
|---|
|
Initial assimilation The two-syllable initial assimilation rules are shown in the table below: | The Coda of the Former Syllable | The Initial Assimilation of the Latter Syllable | /-ʔ/}}- {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/pʰ/}} change to {{IPA|/β/}};
- {{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/tʰ/}}, {{IPA|/θ/}} change to {{IPA|/l/}};
- {{IPA|/x/}} change to the null initial;
- {{IPA|/ʦ/}} and {{IPA|/ʦʰ/}} change to {{IPA|/ʒ/}};
- {{IPA|/m/}}, {{IPA|/n/}}, {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, {{IPA|/k/}}, {{IPA|/kʰ/}}, {{IPA|/l/}} and the null initial remain unchanged.
| /-ŋ/}}- {{IPA|/p/}} and {{IPA|/pʰ/}} change to {{IPA|/m/}};
- {{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/tʰ/}}, {{IPA|/θ/}} change to {{IPA|/n/}};
- {{IPA|/k/}}, {{IPA|/kʰ/}}, {{IPA|/x/}} and the null initial change to {{IPA|/ŋ/}};
- {{IPA|/ʦ/}} and {{IPA|/ʦʰ/}} change to {{IPA|/ʒ/}};
- {{IPA|/m/}}, {{IPA|/n/}} and {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, {{IPA|/l/}} remain unchanged.
| | /-k̚/}} | All initials remain unchanged. | |
Tone sandhi The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below: | the second syllable |
|---|
| the first syllable | dark level
44 | light level
22 | rising
42 | dark departing
35 | light departing
212 | dark entering
5 | light entering
2 |
|---|
dark departing
35 | 55 | | | 51 | | | | | dark entering
5 | rising
42 | 51 | 5 | dark level
44 | 44 | | | | | | light departing
212 | | | light entering
2 | light level
22 | 22 |
References - {{cite book|author=Compilation Commission of Chorography of Xiapu County 霞浦县地方志编纂委员会|title=Xia pu xian zhi 霞浦县志 ["Chorography of Xiapu County"]|url=http://www.fjsq.gov.cn/frmBokkList.aspx?key=424B67914C0C46809488F3066482EAA5|volume=27|publisher=Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 ["Chorography Press"]|location=Beijing|year=1990|isbn=7-80122-542-2}}
{{Min Chinese}} 1 : Eastern Min |