| 词条 | Xinjiang Province, Republic of China | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|native_name = 新疆省 |conventional_long_name = Xinjiang Province |common_name = Xinjiang |status = {{Flagdeco|Republic of China}} Province of the Republic of China (1912–1992) |capital = Tihwa |capital_exile = Taipei (1950–1992) |today = {{plainlist|
|stat_year1 = 1928 |stat_area1 = 1711931 |stat_pop1 = 2550000 |year_start = 1912 |year_end = 1992 |event_start = |date_start = |event1 = Surrender to the People's Liberation Army |date_event1 = 13 October 1949 |era = 20th Century |event_pre = |date_pre = |event_end = Dissolution of the Sinkiang Provincial Government Office |date_end = 16 January |image_map = ROC Div Xinjiang.svg |image_map_caption = Sinkiang Province (red) in the Republic of China |p1 = Xinjiang under Qing rule |flag_p1 = Flag of China (1889–1912).svg |s1 = Xinjiang{{!}}Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China |flag_s1 = Flag of China.svg }}{{History of Xinjiang}} Xinjiang Province ({{zh |c = 新疆省 |p = Xīnjiāng Shěng }}; or Sinkiang) refers to a former province of the Republic of China. First set up in 1884 as a province of the Qing dynasty, it was replaced in 1955 by the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The original provincial government was relocated to Taipei as the Sinkiang Provincial Government Office (新疆省政府辦事處) until its dissolution in 1992. AdministrationThe province inherited the borders of the Qing Dynasty province, bordering Kansu, Tsinghai, the Mongol Area, Tibet Area, and the countries Soviet Union, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. The claimed boundaries of the province included all of today's Xinjiang and parts of Mongolia, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.[1] The province had an area of 1,711,931 km2. History{{Main|Xinjiang#Republic of China|Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China}}In 1912, the Qing dynasty was replaced by the Republic of China. Yuan Dahua, the last Qing governor of Xinjiang, fled. One of his subordinates, Yang Zengxin, took control of the province and acceded in name to the Republic of China in March of the same year. Through Machiavellian politics and clever balancing of mixed ethnic constituencies, Yang maintained control over Xinjiang until his assassination in 1928 after the Northern Expedition of the Kuomintang.[2] The Kumul Rebellion and other rebellions arose against his successor Jin Shuren in the early 1930s throughout Xinjiang, involving Uyghurs, other Turkic groups, and Hui (Muslim) Chinese. Jin drafted White Russians to crush the revolt. In the Kashgar region on November 12, 1933, the short-lived self-proclaimed First East Turkistan Republic was declared.[3][4] The Hui Kuomintang 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) destroyed the army of the First East Turkestan Republic at the Battle of Kashgar (1934), bringing the Republic to an end. The Soviet Union invaded the province in the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang. In the Xinjiang War (1937), the entire province was brought under the control of northeast Manchu warlord Sheng Shicai, who ruled Xinjiang for the next decade with close support from the Soviet Union. In 1944, the President and Premier of China, Chiang Kai-shek, informed by the Soviets of Sheng's intention to join the Soviet Union, decided to shift him out of Xinjiang to Chongqing as the Minister of Agriculture and Forest.[5] More than a decade of Sheng's era had ended. However, a short-lived Soviet-backed Second East Turkestan Republic was established in that year, which lasted until 1949 in what is now Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Ili, Tarbagatay and Altay Districts) in northern Xinjiang. During the Ili Rebellion the Soviet Union backed Uyghur separatists to form the Second East Turkistan Republic (2nd ETR) in Ili region while the majority of Xinjiang was under Republic of China Kuomintang control.[3] The People's Liberation Army entered Xinjiang in 1949 and the Kuomintang commander Tao Zhiyue surrendered the province to them.[4] The original provincial government was relocated to Taipei as the Sinkiang Provincial Government Office (新疆省政府辦事處) to symbolize the ROC's claim of sovereignty over the province; it was eventually dissolved in 1992. Demographics
List of governors{{legend2|{{Non-partisan/meta/color}}|Non-partisan/ unknown|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|#CD853F|Warlords|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}|Communist Party of the Soviet Union|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Kuomintang/meta/color}}|Kuomintang (Nationalist)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}Chairperson of the Provincial Government (Nationalist Government)
Xinjiang Provincial Government Office eraChairperson of the Provincial Government
Director, Xinjiang Provincial Government Office
References1. ^ROC Administrative and Claims.jpg. Wikipedia. Map showing the claims of the ROC. {{-}}{{Inner Asia}}{{Xinjiang topics}}2. ^Governors of Xinjiang: Yang Zengxin (1912–1928), Jin Shuren (1928–33), Sheng Shicai (1933–44); source: {{cite encyclopedia |year = 2016 |title = Xinjiang |url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/546118/Xinjiang/71463/History |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc |access-date = 2016-06-19 }} 3. ^1 {{Cite book |first=R. Michael |last=Feener |year=2004 |title = Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zsjuQaGLRUkC&pg=PA174#v=onepage&q&f=false |location=Santa Barbara, Calif. |series=Religion in Contemporary Cultures |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=174 |oclc=940831123 |isbn=1-57607-516-8 }} 4. ^1 {{cite web |first=Preeti |last=Bhattacharji |date=May 29, 2012 |title=Uighurs and China's Xinjiang Region |url = http://www.cfr.org/publication/16870/uighurs_and_chinas_xinjiang_region.html |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |access-date = 2016-06-19 }} 5. ^{{Cite book |first=Jeremy |last=Brown |year=2010 |title=Dilemmas of Victory: The Early Years of the People's Republic of China |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dZbC_bt62voC&pg=PA186#v=onepage&q&f=false |location=Cambridge, Mass. |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674033658 |oclc=822561761 |page = 186 }} 3 : Provinces of the Republic of China (1912–1949)|Xinjiang|Western China |
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