| 词条 | Xylosandrus germanus |
| 释义 |
| image = Black Stem Borer - Flickr - treegrow.jpg | genus = Xylosandrus | species = germanus | authority = (Blandford, 1894) }}Xylosandrus germanus, known generally as the alnus ambrosia beetle or black stem borer, is a species of ambrosia beetle in the family Curculionidae.[2][3][4] The black stem borer is native to eastern Asia, but is an invasive species in Europe and North America.[1] It carries an associated ambrosia fungus, Ambrosiella hartigii.[2] References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/phiw/riskRegister/downloadExternalPra.cfm?id=4163 |title=Rapid Pest Risk Analysis for Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) |accessdate=5 June 2018 |last=Inward |first=Daegan |coauthors= |date=2015 |work= |publisher=Forest Research}} [3][4][5]2. ^{{cite journal| last1 =Weber | first1 =BC | last2 =McPhearson | first2 =JE | title =The ambrosia fungus of Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) | journal =The Canadian Entomologist | volume =116 | issue =2 | pages =281-283 | date =1984}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web| title=Xylosandrus germanus species details| url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/7d32d3a88743c1b4d8e6237700d3c40d| website=Catalogue of Life| accessdate=2018-05-04}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web| title=Xylosandrus germanus| url=https://www.gbif.org/species/9134964| website=GBIF| accessdate=2018-05-04}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web| title=Xylosandrus germanus Species Information| url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/91110| website=BugGuide.net| accessdate=2018-05-04}} }} Further reading{{refbegin}}
| last1 = Alonso-Zarazaga | first1 = Miguel A. | last2 = Lyal | first2 = Christopher H.C. | date = 1999 | title = A World Catalogue of Families and Genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scotylidae and Platypodidae) | publisher = Entomopraxis | isbn = 84-605-9994-9 }}
| editor-last1 = Arnett | editor-first1 = R.H. Jr. | editor-last2 = Thomas | editor-first2 = M. C. | editor-last3 = Skelley | editor-first3 = P. E. | editor-last4 = Frank | editor-first4 = J. H. | date = 2002 | title = American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 978-0849309540 }}
| last1 = LeConte | first1 = J.L. | date = 1861 | title = Classification of the Coleoptera of North America | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85732 | series = Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections | publisher = Smithsonian Institution | volume = 3 | issue = 136 | isbn = 0665100558 | doi = 10.5962/bhl.title.38459 | doi-access = free }}
| last1 = O'Brien | first1 = Charles W. | last2 = Wibmer | first2 = Guillermo J. | date = 1982 | title = Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) | journal = Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute | issue = 34 }}
| last1 = White | first1 = Richard E. | date = 1998|origyear=1983 | title = A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America (Peterson Field Guides) | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt | isbn = 0395910897 }}{{refend}} External links{{refbegin}}
| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?name=Xylosandrus+germanus | accessdate=2018-05-04 }}
3 : Scolytinae|Articles created by Qbugbot|Beetles described in 1894 |
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