| 词条 | Yamal 102 |
| 释义 |
| name = Yamal 102 (Ямал-102) | names_list = Yamal 101 (after launch) Yamal 100 KA-1 | image = | image_caption = | image_alt = | image_size = | mission_type = Communication | operator = Gazprom Space Systems | Harvard_designation = | COSPAR_ID = 1999-047A | SATCAT = 25897 | website = | mission_duration = 4079 days (11 years 2 months) | spacecraft = Yamal 102 | spacecraft_type = Yamal 100 | spacecraft_bus = USP Bus | manufacturer = RSC Energia (bus) Space Systems/Loral (payload) | launch_mass = {{convert|1360|kg|abbr=on}} | BOL_mass = | landing_mass = | dry_mass = | payload_mass = | dimensions = | power = 2200 | launch_date = {{start date|1999|09|06|16|36|00|7=Z}} | launch_rocket = Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M | launch_site = Baikonur Site 81/23 | launch_contractor = | deployment_from = | deployment_date = | entered_service = | disposal_type = placed in a graveyard orbit | deactivated = August 9, 2010 | destroyed = | last_contact = | recovery_by = | recovery_date = | decay_date = | orbit_reference = GEO | orbit_regime = | orbit_longitude = 90°E | orbit_slot = | orbit_semimajor = | orbit_eccentricity = | orbit_periapsis = | orbit_apoapsis = | orbit_inclination = | orbit_period = | orbit_RAAN = | orbit_arg_periapsis = | orbit_mean_anomaly = | orbit_mean_motion = | orbit_repeat = | orbit_velocity = | orbit_epoch = | orbit_rev_number = | apsis = | trans_band = | trans_frequency = 12 C band | trans_bandwidth = | trans_capacity = | trans_coverage = | trans_TWTA = | trans_EIRP = | trans_HPBW = | programme = Yamal Constellation | previous_mission = Yamal 101 | next_mission = Yamal 201 | insignia = | insignia_caption = | insignia_alt = | insignia_size = }}Yamal 102 (Russian: {{lang|ru|Ямал-102}}) was a geostationary communications satellite operated by Gazkom and built by RSC Energia.[1] It was, along with Yamal 101 the first communications satellite of the Yamal program and the first iteration of the USP Bus.[2][3] It was a {{convert|1360|kg|abbr=on}} satellite with 2200W of power (1300W available for the payload) on an unpressurized bus. It had eight SPT-70 electric thrusters by OKB Fakel for station keeping.[5] Its payload was 12 C band equivalent transponders supplied by Space Systems Loral.[6] HistoryIt was launched along Yamal 101 September 6, 1999 at 16:36 UTC from Baikonur Site 81/23 by a Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M directly to GEO.[7][8] While its twin Yamal 101 failed, Yamal 102 successfully deployed and was commissioned into service.[1][10] On August 9, 2010 it was decommissioned and sent to a graveyard orbit. The satellite lasted 4079 days (11 years 2 months), a bit short of the design life of 12.5 years.[7] Rename to Yamal 101Right after solar panel deployment Yamal 101 failure irreparably. Thus, Gazkom registered Yamal 102 as Yamal 101. This has caused significant confusion but the records are clear that the satellite that failed was, in fact, the original Yamal 101.[10][14] See also{{Portal |Spaceflight}}
References1. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=RKK Energiya: USP (Victoria) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/energiya_usp.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |accessdate=2016-07-20 |date=2015-10-16}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]2. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=Yamal 101, 102 |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/yamal-101.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |accessdate=2016-07-20 |date=2016-04-17}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Proton-K 6 septembre 1999 |trans-title=September 6, 1999 Proton-K |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/lancements/1999/06091999/06091999.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=French |accessdate=2016-07-20}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Descriptif technique Yamal-100 |trans-title=Yamal-100 technical description |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/tech/1.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=French |accessdate=2016-07-20}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Yamal/Historie/Nécessité de renouvellement |trans-title=Yamal/History/The necessity of renewal |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/1.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=French |accessdate=2016-07-20}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Yamal/Historie/La plate-forme universelle |trans-title=Yamal/History/The universal platform |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/2.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=French |accessdate=2016-07-20}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Yamal/Historie/Premier tir, premier revers |trans-title=Yamal/History/The first setbacks |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/3.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=French |accessdate=2016-07-20}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Zak |first1=Anatoly |title=Yamal communication satellites |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/yamal.html |website=RussiaSpaceWeb.com |accessdate=2016-07-20 |date=April 21, 2016}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|title=Yamal 101 |url=https://www.satbeams.com/satellites?norad=25896 |publisher=Satbeams |accessdate=20 July 2016}} }} External links
4 : Yamal satellites|Satellites using the USP bus|Spacecraft launched in 1999|1999 in Russia |
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