| 词条 | Yang Kuo-shu |
| 释义 |
| image = | caption = | name = Yang Kuo-shu | native_name = 楊國樞 | native_name_lang= zh-hant | birth_name = | other_names = Yang Guoshu | birth_date = {{birth date|1932|12|22|df=y}} | birth_place = Jiao County, Shandong, Republic of China | death_date = {{death date and age|2018|07|17|1932|12|22|df=y}} | death_place = National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan | death_cause = | residence = | education = National Taiwan University University of Illinois | occupation = Psychologist, political activist | years_active= | organization= National Taiwan University | known_for = Founder of indigenized Chinese psychology | notable_works = Chinese Characteristics Chinese Psychology and Behavior Exploring Chinese Psychology Through Indigenous Research | party = | movement = | spouse = {{marriage|Li Pen-hua|1962|2018}} | children = | parents = | relatives = | awards = | signature = | signature_size = | module = {{Chinese|child=yes |s = {{linktext|杨|国|枢}} |t = {{linktext|楊|國|樞}} |p = Yáng Guóshū |w = Yang Kuo-shu |poj=Iûⁿ Kok-chhu }} }} Yang Kuo-shu ({{zh|t=楊國樞|p=Yáng Guóshū}}; 22 December 1932 – 17 July 2018) was a Taiwanese psychologist and political activist, considered the founder of indigenized Chinese psychology. He served as professor and Chair of the Psychology Department of National Taiwan University. He became Vice-President of Academic Sinica in 1996, and was elected as an academician in 1998. He was an advocate for political freedom and democracy during the Martial Law era, and was the founding president of the Taipei Society. Education and careerYang was born on 22 December 1932[1] into a peasant family in Qingdao, Shandong, Republic of China, and moved to Taiwan with his parents in 1947.[2][3] When he was little, a fortune-teller predicted that he would not become an educated person, and he was determined to prove the prediction wrong.[3] After graduating from National Taiwan University (NTU) with a bachelor's degree in psychology,[3] he became a faculty member at NTU in 1959.[4][5] Yang later went to study at the University of Illinois in the United States and earned his Ph.D. in 1969. He returned to teach at NTU afterwards and became the first Taiwanese person with a Ph.D. in psychology.[2] He served twice as chair of NTU's psychology department,[5] and became a research fellow at the Institute of Ethnology of Academia Sinica in 1972. He was appointed Vice President of Academia Sinica in 1996, and was elected an academician in 1998.[6] Academic contributionsYang is considered the founder of indigenized Chinese psychology.[5][7] He proposed the distinction between indigenized versus westernized psychology. He argued that Western psychology, largely based on research done in American or Western societies, is in fact the "indigenous psychology for Americans or Westerners"—it is based on Western values and traditions and may not be applicable in non-Western countries.[8] Beginning in the 1970s, he conducted research on Chinese cultural societies, studying unique phenomena such as yuanfen, filial piety, guanxi, and face.[8][6] His theories and research tools have been adopted by scholars in Taiwan and abroad.[6] PublicationsYang wrote or edited more than 20 books. He also published more than 130 research papers, in both Chinese and English, in psychology journals. His most influential books, recognized as essential reference works in Chinese psychology, are:[6]
Political activismDuring the Martial Law era, Yang was a strong advocate for political freedom and democracy and was frequently critical of the Kuomintang government. He and three other liberal scholars, Hu Fo, {{ill|Li Hung-hsi|zh|李鴻禧}}, and Chang Chung-tung, were considered the "Four Bandits" or "Four Poisonous Weeds" by the government. After President Chiang Ching-kuo lifted the martial law in 1987, they established the political group Taipei Society ({{lang|zh|澄社}}, Chengshe) in 1989.[9] Yang served as the founding president of the society,[2] which aimed to promote "freedom, fairness, diversity, and the equitable distribution of wealth".[6] He called for the restoration of constitutional rule and the exclusion of military personnel from the government cabinet. He participated in the Wild Lily student movement for democracy in 1990.[6] Personal lifeIn 1962, Yang married Li Pen-hua ({{lang|zh|李本華}}), the daughter of Lieutenant General Li Li-po ({{lang|zh|李立柏}}).[4] After Yang suffered a stroke, President Tsai Ing-wen and Secretary-General Chen Chu visited him at the nursing home in May 2018. Yang died on 17 July 2018 at National Taiwan University Hospital, aged 85.[4] Tsai praised him for his scholarship and for his courage to protest against government repression, calling him an "exemplary public intellectual".[2] References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Rich|first1=Grant J.|last2=Gielen|first2=Uwe|title=Pathfinders in International Psychology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAYoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA201|year=2015|publisher=Information Age Publishing |isbn=978-1-68123-145-7|pages=201–}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Yang, Kuo-shu}}2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%90%91%E6%A5%8A%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%9E%E8%87%B4%E6%95%AC-%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87-%E4%BB%96%E5%95%9F%E7%99%BC%E4%BA%86-%E6%95%B4%E5%80%8B%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA-061000908.html|script-title=zh:向楊國樞致敬 蔡英文：他啟發了一整個世代的台灣人|last=|first=|date=2018-08-31|work=Yahoo News|access-date=2018-10-20|language=zh-Hant-TW}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://udn.com/news/story/7266/3257664|script-title=zh:華人本土心理學一代宗師楊國樞 今晨逝世享壽86歲|last=|first=|date=2018-07-17|work=UDN|access-date=2018-10-20}} 4. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201807170278.aspx|script-title=zh:倡華人本土心理學 一代宗師楊國樞辭世|last=|first=|date=2018-07-17|work=Central News Agency|access-date=2018-10-20|language=zh-Hant-TW}} 5. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aedu/201807170026.aspx|title=Distinguished NTU psychology professor Yang Kuo-shu dies|last=Hsu|first=Phoenix|date=2008-07-17|work=Focus Taiwan|access-date=2018-10-20}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web|url=http://newsletter.sinica.edu.tw/en/academician-kuo-shu-yang-has-passed-away/|title=Academician Kuo-Shu Yang has Passed Away|last=|first=|date=2018-08-02|website=Academia Sinica|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-10-20}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Hwang|first=Kwang-Kuo|title=Foundations of Chinese Psychology: Confucian Social Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PElzLEb3ERwC&pg=PR17|date=2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4614-1439-1|page=xvii}} 8. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://learning.hccs.edu/faculty/joanne.hsu/global_psychology/indigenous-and-cultural-psychology/notes-on-indigenous-or-indigenized-psychology/development-of-indigenized-psychology-in-taiwan-a-historical-timeline|title=Development of Indigenized Psychology in Taiwan – A Historical Timeline |last=Hsu|first=Joanne |date=|publisher=Houston Community College|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-10-21}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.chinatimes.com/cn/newspapers/20180911000769-260115|script-title=zh:胡佛病逝台大医院 享年86岁|last=|first=|date=2018-09-11|work=China Times|access-date=2018-10-19|language=zh-CN}} 11 : 1932 births|2018 deaths|National Taiwan University alumni|University of Illinois alumni|National Taiwan University faculty|Members of Academia Sinica|Taiwanese psychologists|People from Qingdao|Scientists from Shandong|Taiwanese people from Shandong|Taiwanese activists |
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