| 词条 | Yazda |
| 释义 |
| name = Yazda | native_name = يزدا | native_name_lang = ar | logo = Logo ---.png | logo_size = 200px | logo_alt = Yazda: Global Yazidi Organization logo | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | formation = {{start date and age|2014|08|28}} | founder = | founding_location = Texas U.S. | type = Nonprofit organization Non-governmental organization (NGO) | tax_id= | registration_id = | status = | purpose = Humanitarian Activism Advocacy Prevent Genocide | headquarters = United States United Kingdom Iraq Sweden | region = | location = Global | coords = | services = | membership = | membership_year = | language = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | staff = | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | slogan = "Unite Our Nation – Never another Genocide" | website = {{URL|yazda.org|Yazda.org}} }}Yazda: Global Yazidi Organization (/ yɑːzdə/, {{lang-ar|يزدا}}; {{lang-ku|يه زدا}}), is a United States-based global Yazidi nonprofit, non-governmental organization (NGO) advocacy, aid, and relief organization. Yazda was established to support the Yazidi, who are a minority ethnoreligious group around the world, especially in northern Iraq, specifically Sinjar and Nineveh Plain, and northeastern Syria, where the Yazidi community has, as part of a deliberate "military, economic, and political strategy," been the focus of a genocidal campaign by ISIL[1]{{rp|3}} that included mass murder, the separation of families, forced religious conversions, forced marriages, sexual assault, physical assault, torture, kidnapping, and slavery.[2][3][4] HistoryIn August 2014, Yazda was founded by a group of Yazidi and Yazidi American activists in the United States centered around Yazidi communities in Lincoln, Nebraska,[5][6] and Houston, Texas.[7][8][9] In addition to education initiatives that explain Yazidi culture and religion, Yazda runs a Yazda's Center in Kurdistan, Iraq, and assists victims of the genocide and rape that began in Iraq in 2014.[1][4][10] The first mission of Yazda was advocating in the United States during ISIL's attack on Sinjar. Yazda helped by providing humanitarian assistance in the form of food and water to approximately 60,000 Yazidis, who were stranded on mountain Sinjar by ISIL during the week of August 3, 2014. At this point, Yazda began its work trying to locate and help free Yazidi women and girls, more than 3,200 of whom were captured, enslaved, and are still held hostage by the Islamic State.[11] Those women and girls are victims of human trafficking and sexual slavery.[10] Yazda's center in Iraq functions as a local non-governmental organization (NGO).[12] Yazda sponsored multiple online petitions to focus on helping captured and enslaved Yazidi women.[9][13] Activists working with Yazda asked U.S. President Barack Obama to help the women and girls still held captive.[14] A Yazidi high school student from Coventry, England, who relocated to the UK from Iraq, asked U.K. Prime Minister and Home Secretary Theresa May, Secretary of State for International Development Justine Greening, and Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Philip Hammond, for a meeting to discuss providing solutions to the crisis.[15][16] In August 2015, Luis Moreno Ocampo, former Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, activist Kerry Propper, and multi-media communication specialist Elizabeth Schaeffer Brown, came to the Yazda Center in Dohuk, Kurdistan, to gather testimony and record victim statements. They proceeded to launch It's On U, a lobbying campaign to pressure heads of state and UN Security Council members to refer the Yazdi genocide to the ICC.[17] International Criminal CourtOn September 25, 2015, Yazda and Free Yazidi Foundation, with the support of the Kurdish Regional Government of Iraq, submitted a detailed report to the International Criminal Court (ICC) that explains how ISIL, with a disproportionate number of foreign fighters, committed genocide against the Yazidi people.[18][19] The report requested a formal investigation into the crimes of the Islamic State (ISIS) to be conducted by the international community to prosecute ISIL for the crime of genocide against Yazidis.[20] Because Iraq is not a signatory of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), there is a limitation to the assistance the ICC can provide.[17] One option would be that the ICC could be granted limited jurisdiction over the region.[21] Nadia MuradYazda provides assistance and support to the Yazidi activist, Nadia Murad, a Yazidi human rights activist,[22] Nobel Peace Prize nominee[23][24] and since September 2016 the first Goodwill Ambassador for the Dignity of Survivors of Human Trafficking of the United Nations.[25] She was kidnapped and held by the Islamic State in August 2014.[26] On December 16, 2015, Murad testified about her experience before the United Nations Security Council.[27] In September 2016, Attorney Amal Clooney spoke before the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to discuss the decision she made in June 2016[28] to represent Yazidi activist Nadia Murad as a client in legal action against ISIL commanders.[29][30][31] OrganizationYazda is run by teams of volunteers in the United States, United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, and Iraq. A large portion of the volunteers emigrated after working as translators during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and in other conflicts that involved the U.S. military.[13] Chicago graduate student, Matthew Barber, was Executive Director for a period of one year.[11] Murad Ismael, co-founder of Yazda, is the current Executive Director.[19] ProjectsYazda supports survivors of the Yazidi genocide through numerous aid and relief programs. Yazda has a Medical Center in Iraq and supports thousands of people in need of primary medical care and first aid services. Yazda also has a mobile clinic in Sinjar to support the Yazidis in the remote areas and villages around Sinjar. Yazda conducts missions to provide humanitarian aids and relief services of clean water, clothing, and food to as many displaced people as possible.[32] Genocide documentationThe genocide documentation project started on the October 17, 2014. Yazda worked with the Voices of Rwanda, an organization that has been documenting the Rwanda's genocide, to train and support Yazda's documentation team. The team works on recording Yazidi survivors and eyewitness testimonies of the genocidal campaign. The team locates and investigates the mass graves of Yazidis.[33][34] In 2016, Yazda and Human Rights Watch issued an official report regarding the discovered mass graves.[2][35] Regarding this matter, Yazda had urged the international community to formally investigate the mass graves before evidence was lost at those sites because of the fact that Sinjar is still a war zone and the sites of genocide are unprotected. The team also investigates the general devastation of Yazidi community and damage of Yazidis properties following ISIL's attack, and has worked in support of assisting Western media to document the story.[36] Psycho-social support and Women's CenterYazda began a psycho-social program in its center in Dohuk, Iraq, for the Yazidi women and girls who managed to escape or are rescued from ISIL. The women and girls suffer from severe physical and mental abuse and require post-trauma support.[37][38] Yazda helps them recover from the trauma and reintegrate into society via response programs to help the women with methods that include individual therapy and often require long-term treatment.[39] ISIL's genocidal campaign against the Yazidis resulted in the abduction and enslavement of thousands Yazidis, the majority of which were women and girls. Yazda volunteers and the office of Yazidi affairs in Kurdistan have collected the names of approximately 5,000 abducted Yazidis after the genocidal campaign. These abductees were subjected to systematic sexual abuse and rape, and those who still held hostage face the same daily abuses even to the present day.[40][41] By the beginning of 2016, over 2,000 abducted Yazidi women and girls returned to freedom, either by escaping or by being rescued. Many cases of rescue or escape involve women and girls being reunited with destitute families in the rough conditions of Internally Displaced Person (IDP) camps or squalid conditions of other locations where displaced families have taken refuge. Some escapees have lost all relatives to ISIL's massacres and did not have immediate families to return to. Through its case management program, Yazda has collected the information of more than 800 women and girls that have escaped ISIL individually.[42][43] In addition to psycho-social therapy, Yazda provides survivors with shelter, food, clothing, fuel, and other basic necessities.[44] Yazda aims is to create an environment that is conducive to the healing of trauma survivors. Yazda provides medical and psychological treatment to help them recover from the damage they have experienced. Yazda struggles to provide adequate psycho-social resources and medical services to the survivors.[45] Yazda medical missionThe Essyan Camp Primary Health Care CenterYazda opened a medical clinic in the Esseyan camp to provide the displaced Yazidis with basic medical care.[46] Yazda has managed to support the people in need with primary care services with the support of the Health Directorate of Dohuk. Through an agreement with the Kurdistan Regional Government's Department of Health, Yazda has the responsibility of providing all medical services to the population of the Essyan IDP camp. The population of the camp exceeds 14,600 people. Yazda maintains a physical health center, and has a staff of 17-member team of nurses, pharmacists, physician’s assistants, and lab assistants, in addition to several doctors. Yazda’s sources of funding are the donations from private donors and organizations.[45] Mount Sinjar Mobile Medical ClinicYazda had established a mobile clinic to serve the displaced Yazidis who still live on the Sinjar mountain area. According to Yazda, Yazda's mobile clinic plays a significant role in covering the needs of the people in remote areas of Sinjar and surrounding villages with a population of around 30,000 people.[46][47] The German charitable organization, Zentralrat der Yeziden in Deutschland, provided an ambulance for the mission and sent medication and medical supplies.[48] Public Health Education CampaignYazda works to educate and provide outreach on proper food sanitation procedures to reduce instances of foodborne illness, provides first aid education from within populations at internally displaced person (IDP) camp and provide basic instructions on emergency response for instances where trained medical professional assistance is not available. Aid workYazda provides food, water, clothes, and other necessities for the orphans of escaped women,[42] and other people in need in IDP camps.[49] The focus is on assisting the displaced Yazidi, which is estimated to be more than 90% of Iraq's original Yazidi population.[50] Tîrêja Rojê (Ray of the Sun): Preservation of Yazidi culture and religionTîrêja Rojê is Yazda’s project for the preservation of the Yazidi religious and cultural tradition. The project involves sharing historical traditions and cultural knowledge by older generations to younger generations. It also provides psychological therapy to help the displaced Yazidis recover from genocide trauma. Qalam Zerin (Golden Pen)Qalam Zerin is a project run the Yazidi poet, Murad Allo, that provides Yazidi university students mentorship and support in the form of weekly meetings on topics that include languages classes, public speaking, writing, and maintaining physical health. The project focuses on rehabilitating Yazidi youth through activities that include oral lectures, paintings, poetry, writing classes, and various cultural activities to treat collective trauma for the Yazidi society through the youth. Education and support for childrenYazda provides assistance to children visiting the Yazda Women's Center in Duhok, with planned outreach for displaced children who need sponsorship and adoption services, direct aid, and trauma, medical, and education support. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Kikoler|first1=Naomi|title=Iraq Bearing Witness Trip Report: "Our Generation is Gone" The Islamic State's Targeting of Iraqi Minorities in Ninewa|url=https://www.ushmm.org/m/pdfs/Iraq-Bearing-Witness-Report-111215.pdf|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide|publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|date=12 November 2015}} 2. ^1 {{cite news|title=Iraq: Protect Mass Graves. Evidence of Possible ISIS Genocide Endangered|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/01/30/iraq-protect-mass-graves|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Human Rights Watch|date=30 January 2016|location=Dohuk}} 3. ^{{cite news|last1=Callimachi|first1=Rukmini|title=ISIS Enshrines a Theology of Rape|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/14/world/middleeast/isis-enshrines-a-theology-of-rape.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=The New York Times|date=13 August 2015}} 4. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Begikhani|first1=Nazand|title=Opinion: Why ISIS's treatment of Yazidi women is genocide - CNN.com|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/30/opinion/isis-yazidi-women-genocide/|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=CNN|date=30 October 2014}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Roberts|first1=Dave|last2=McCartney|first2=Rob|last3=Petersen|first3=Brandi|title=Nebraskan Yazidis want to stop carnage by Islamic State in Iraq|url=http://www.ketv.com/news/nebraskan-yazidis-want-to-stop-carnage-by-islamic-state-in-iraq/29633206|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=KETV|date=10 November 2014}} 6. ^{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Jack|title=Yazidis from Iraq Find Welcome Refuge in Nebraska|url=http://netnebraska.org/article/news/1108600/yazidis-iraq-find-welcome-refuge-nebraska|work=NET Nebraska|date=14 December 2017|format=Includes audio}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Flakus|first1=Greg|title=America’s Heartland Helps Iraq's Yazidis|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/america-heartland-helps-yazidis-in-iraq/2919092.html|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Voice of America|date=14 August 2015}} 8. ^{{cite news|last1=Flakus|first1=Greg|title=Yazidi-American Activist Seeks Help for Refugees|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/yazidi-american-activist-seeks-help-refugees/2986102.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=Voice of America|date=30 September 2016}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Flakus|first1=Greg|title=Yazidi Americans Seek Help for their People|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/yazidi-americans-sek-help-for-their-people/2988456.html|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Voice of America|date=1 October 2015}} 10. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Wheeler|first1=Skye|title=Yezidi Women After Slavery: Trauma|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/04/18/yezidi-women-after-slavery-trauma|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Human Rights Watch|date=18 April 2016}} 11. ^1 {{cite news|title=3,000 Girls and Women Sold as Sex Slaves By ISIS, Chicago Student Heads to Iraq to Save Them|url=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2015/09/15/yazidi-girls-women-sex-slaves/|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=WBBM-TV – CBS Chicago|date=15 September 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Yazda: Road to Peace Registered Charity number 1165299|url=http://www.roadtopeace.org.uk/yazda|website=Road to Peace|accessdate=23 September 2016}} 13. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Rubin|first1=Trudy|title=Trudy Rubin: Who will save Yazidi victims of Islamic State rape?|url=http://www.amestrib.com/opinion/trudy-rubin-who-will-save-yazidi-victims-islamic-state-rape|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Ames Tribune|date=7 September 2015}} 14. ^{{cite news|last1=Pirali|first1=Feryal|last2=Yazda|title=Barack Obama: Help the Yazidi women and girls enslaved by ISIS|url=http://www.yazda.org/change-org-petition/|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=Change.org|date=2015}} 15. ^{{cite news|last1=Bannister|first1=Antonia|title=Teen who fled Iraq calls on Government to help girls who escape ISIS|url=http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/coventry-teenager-who-fled-iraq-9780963|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=Coventry Telegraph|date=3 August 2015}} 16. ^{{cite news|last1=Sanghani|first1=Radhika|title=Meet the British Yazidi teen fighting to save her girlfriends from Isil's sexual slavery|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11757780/ISIS-sexual-slavery-British-Yazidi-teen-fighting-to-save-her-friends.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=23 July 2015}} 17. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Schaeffer Brown|first1=Elizabeth|title=Women aim to bring ISIS to justice with their stories of captivity, torture and daring escape|url=http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/04/27/women-aim-to-bring-isis-to-justice-with-their-stories-of-captivity-torture-and-daring-escape/|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=The New York Times|date=27 April 2016}} 18. ^{{cite news|last1=Sterling|first1=Toby|title=Persecuted by Islamic State, Yazidis turn to ICC for justice|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-icc-yazidis-idUSKCN0RO14G20150924|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Reuters|date=24 September 2015|location=The Hague}} 19. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Browne|first1=Rachel|title=Yazidi Groups Plead With International Criminal Court to Prosecute ‘Genocide’ by Islamic State|url=https://news.vice.com/article/yazidi-groups-plead-with-international-criminal-court-to-prosecute-genocide-by-islamic-state|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Vice News|date=24 September 2015}} 20. ^{{cite news|last1=Simons|first1=Marlise|title=Iraq: Yazidis Turn to International Court|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/25/world/middleeast/iraq-yazidis-turn-to-international-court.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=The New York Times|date=24 September 2015}} 21. ^{{cite news|last1=Coles|first1=Isabel|title=Former ICC chief prosecutor pushes for Yazidi genocide case|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/09/02/Former-ICC-chief-prosecutor-pushes-for-Yazidi-genocide-case.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya|agency=Reuters|date=2 September 2015}} 22. ^{{cite web|last1=Khudida|first1=Ahmed|url=http://www.yazda.org/a-statement-by-nadia-murad-and-yazdas-communication-team-on-nadia-and-yazda-visit-to-australia/|title=A Statement by Nadia Murad and Yazda`s Communication Team on Nadia and Yazda Visit to Australia|work=Yazda: A Global Yazidi Organization|date=18 August 2016|access-date=17 September 2016}} 23. ^{{cite news|last1=Editorial Staff in Yazidis|title=Iraq nominates Islamic State Yazidi victim Nadia Murad for Nobel prize|url=http://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-nobel-prize-2016-01-06|accessdate=22 September 2016|work=Ekurd Daily|date=6 January 2016|location=Baghdad}} 24. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/yazidi-woman-nadia-murad-former-isis-sex-slave-could-win-next-nobel-peace-prize-1536877|title=Yazidi woman Nadia Murad: Former Isis sex slave could win next Nobel Peace Prize|last1=Mogul|first1=Priyanka|work=International Business Times|date=8 January 2016|access-date=17 September 2016}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2016/September/human-trafficking-survivor-nadia-murad-named-unodc-goodwill-ambassador.html?ref=fs1|title=Human trafficking survivor Nadia Murad named UNODC Goodwill Ambassador|last1=del Campo|first1=Carlos Gomez|website=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)|access-date=17 September 2016|date=16 September 2016}} 26. ^{{cite news|last1=Westcott|first1=Lucy|title=ISIS sex slavery survivor on a mission to save Yazidi women and girls|url=http://www.newsweek.com/nadia-murad-isis-sex-slavery-yazidi-438421|accessdate=22 September 2016|work=Newsweek|date=19 March 2016}} 27. ^{{cite news|last1=Murad Basee Taha|first1=Nadia|title=Nadia Murad Basee Taha (ISIL victim) on Trafficking of persons in situations of conflict - Security Council, 7585th meeting|url=http://webtv.un.org/meetings-events/watch/nadia-murad-basee-taha-isil-victim-on-trafficking-of-persons-in-situations-of-conflict-security-council-7585th-meeting/4665835954001|accessdate=21 September 2016|work=United Nations Television (UNTV)|date=16 December 2015|format=Video}} 28. ^{{cite news|last1=Allum|first1=Cynthia|title=Exclusive: Amal Clooney to represent ISIS survivor Nadia Murad and victims of Yazidi genocide|url=http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/06/09/amal-clooney-to-represent-isis-survivor-nadia-murad-and-victims-of-yazidi-genocide/|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=The New York Times|date=9 June 2016}} 29. ^{{cite news|last1=Lara|first1=Maria Mercedes|title=Watch: Amal Clooney Reveals She and George Talked About the 'Risks' of Taking on ISIS – 'I Mean, This Is My Work'|url=http://www.people.com/article/amal-clooney-nadia-murad-isis-trafficking-victim-video|accessdate=19 September 2016|work=People|date=19 September 2016}} 30. ^{{cite news|last1=McFadden|first1=Cynthia|last2=Whitman|first2=Jake|last3=Rappleye|first3=Hannah|title=Amal Clooney Takes on ISIS for 'Clear Case of Genocide' of Yazidis'|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/amal-clooney-takes-isis-clear-case-genocide-yazidis-n649126|accessdate=19 September 2016|work=NBC News|date=19 September 2016}} 31. ^{{cite news|last1=Harris|first1=Elise|title=Amal Clooney, George’s wife, takes on U.N. and ISIS|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/sep/19/amal-clooney-takes-on-isis-at-un/|accessdate=22 September 2016|work=The Washington Times|date=19 September 2016}} 32. ^{{cite news|last1=Shevardnadze|first1=Sophie|title=Children born to ISIL sex slaves are taken to be trained into murderers – Yazidi aid worker|url=https://www.rt.com/shows/sophieco/324712-children-isil-sex-slaves/|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=RT International|date=4 December 2015|language=en-EN|format=Video}} 33. ^{{cite news|last1=Beck|first1=John|title=Iraq's Yazidis living in fear on Mount Sinjar|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/iraq-yazidis-living-fear-mount-sinjar-160726063155982.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=Al Jazeera|date=26 July 2016}} 34. ^{{cite news|title=ISIS buried thousands in 72 mass graves|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/2016/08/30/ISIS-buried-thousands-in-72-mass-graves.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya|agency=The Associated Press|date=30 August 2016|location=Hardan, Iraq}} 35. ^{{cite book|last1=Barber|first1=Matthew|last2=Khalaf|first2=Ali|last3=Slater|first3=Andrew|last4=Chomer|first4=Jameel Ghanem|last5=‘Ajo|first5=Mahmood|title=A Report from the Yazda Documentation Project on Mass Graves of Yazidis Killed by the Islamic State Organization or Local Affiliates On or After August 3, 2014|date=28 January 2016|publisher=Yazda|url=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=http://www.yazda.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Yazda-Report-on-Mass-Graves-Jan-28-2016.pdf}} 36. ^{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Erika|title=Kidnapping and Sex Slavery: Covering ISIS’ Religious Justification for Rape|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/14/insider/kidnapping-and-sex-slavery-covering-isiss-religious-justification-for-rape.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=The New York Times|date=14 August 2015}} 37. ^{{cite news|last1=KRG Cabinet|title=KRG officials call upon the international community to help abducted Kurdish Yezidi women|url=http://cabinet.gov.krd/a/d.aspx?s=040000&l=12&a=52363|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=حکومەتی هەرێمی كوردستان Kurdistan Regional Government|date=16 October 2014}} 38. ^{{cite news|last1=Soguel|first1=Dominique|title=For Yazidis traumatized by Islamic State horrors, few mental health resources|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2015/1007/For-Yazidis-traumatized-by-Islamic-State-horrors-few-mental-health-resources|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=7 October 2015}} 39. ^{{cite news|last1=Sesay|first1=Isha|title=Looking at the plight of the Yazidis|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AD7rq89VTeQ|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=CNN|date=17 September 2015|format=Video}} 40. ^{{cite news|last1=Gilbert|first1=Benjamin|title=ISIS is still holding nearly 2,000 Yazidi women as slaves|url=https://news.vice.com/article/isis-is-still-holding-nearly-2000-yazidi-women-as-slaves|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=VICE News|date=20 August 2016}} 41. ^{{cite news|title=ISIS tightens grip on women held as sex slaves|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/07/06/ISIS-tightens-grip-on-women-held-as-sex-slaves.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya|agency=The Associated Press|date=6 July 2016|location=Khanke, Iraq}} 42. ^1 {{cite news|title=NGO helps Iraqi Kurdish Yazidi women overcome abuse at hands of Islamic State|url=http://ekurd.net/ngo-helps-yazidi-women-2015-11-06|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Ekurd Daily|agency=Reuters|date=6 November 2015}} 43. ^{{cite news|last1=Ismael|first1=Murad|title=2015 Trust Women Action: 'Support for Yazidi Women and Girls victimized by ISIS'|url=http://www.trustwomenconf.com/actions/i/?id=62a5c9be-de9e-46bf-9a18-6df479d77819|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Trust Women Conference|date=2015}} 44. ^{{cite news|last1=Callimachi|first1=Rukmini|last2=Stack|first2=Liam|last3=Barber|first3=Matthew|title=Middle East Q. And A.: The Culture of Rape Within ISIS, and the Questions That Arise|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/world/middleeast/the-culture-of-rape-within-isis-and-the-questions-that-arise.html|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=The New York Times|date=19 March 2016}} 45. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Leber|first1=Jessica|title=How Humanitarians Are Crowdsourcing Evidence Of A Genocide By ISIS|url=https://www.fastcoexist.com/3063443/how-humanitarians-are-crowdsourcing-evidence-of-a-genocide-by-isis|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=FastCoExist|date=20 September 2016}} 46. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Ward|first1=Olivia|title=Forgotten Yazidis face dire winter ahead|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/10/25/forgotten-yazidis-face-dire-winter-ahead.html|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Toronto Star|date=25 October 2015}} 47. ^{{cite news|last1=Brown|first1=Jonathan|title=For Yazidi girls escaping ISIL, a long road to healing|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/07/yazidi-girls-isil-raped-150722093100221.html|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=Al Jazeera|date=22 July 2015}} 48. ^{{cite news|last1=Kuchta|first1=Thorsten|title=Is-Terror: Zeichen der Hoffnung aus Oldenburg|url=http://www.nwzonline.de/oldenburg/politik/zeichen-der-hoffnung-aus-oldenburg_a_30,0,3199329908.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=Nordwest-Zeitung|date=18 August 2015}} 49. ^{{cite news|title=Support Group Helps Yazidi Women Overcome Abuse at Hands of IS|url=http://www.nrttv.com/EN/Details.aspx?Jimare=4029|accessdate=23 September 2016|work=NRT News|agency=Reuters|date=6 November 2015}} 50. ^{{cite news|last1=Brown|first1=Jonathan|title=Yazidis leave Europe and return to warring Iraq|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/04/yazidis-leave-europe-return-warring-iraq-160404074817769.html|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=Al Jazeera|date=9 May 2016}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Yazda}}
5 : Sexual abuse victim advocates|Diaspora organizations in the United States|Humanitarian aid organizations|Advocacy groups in the United States|Yazidi organizations |
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开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。