| 词条 | Antarctic silverfish |
| 释义 |
| name = Antarctic silverfish | image = Pleuragramma antarcticum.jpg | status = LC | status_system = iucn3.1 | status_ref = [1] | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Actinopterygii | ordo = Perciformes | subordo = Notothenioidei | familia = Nototheniidae | genus = Pleuragramma | genus_authority = Boulenger, 1902 | species = P. antarctica | binomial = Pleuragramma antarctica | binomial_authority = Boulenger, 1902[2] }} The Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) is a species of notothen native to the Southern Ocean and the only truly pelagic fish in the waters near Antarctica.[3] It is a keystone species in the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean.[3] While widely distributed around the Antarctic, the species appears to have largely disappeared from the western side of the northern Antarctic Peninsula, based on a 2010 research cruise funded by the National Science Foundation under the US Antarctic Program.[4] DescriptionAntarctic silverfish usually grow to about {{convert|15|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length, with a maximum of {{convert|25|cm|in|abbr=on}}. When alive, they are pink with a silver tint, but turn silver only after death.[5] This Antarctic marine fish is one of several in the region that produce antifreeze glycopeptides as an adaptation against the extreme cold of Antarctic waters.[6] EcologyThe postlarvae, {{convert|8|–|17|mm|in|abbr=on}} in size, feed on eggs of calanoids (Calanoida), sea snails Limacina and tintinnids (Tintinnida).[7] Juveniles feeds on copepods (Copepoda), mostly on Oncaea curvata.[7] Antarctic silverfish are an important prey species for high trophic animals, such as the Adelie penguin and the Weddell seal. References1. ^Gon, O. & Vacchi, M. 2010. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/154785/4633007]. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627000000/http://www.iucnredlist.org/ |date=June 27, 2014 }}>. Downloaded on 29 March 2019. {{Taxonbar|from=Q571452}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Antarctic Silverfish}}2. ^Boulenger G. A. (1902). Rep. Voy. Southern Cross, p. 187. 3. ^Bottaro M., Oliveri D., Ghigliotti L., Pisano E., Ferrando S. & Vacchi M. (2009). "Born among the ice: first morphological observations on two developmental stages of the Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum, a key species of the Southern Ocean". Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 19(2); 249-259. {{doi|10.1007/s11160-009-9106-5}}. 4. ^{{cite news| url=http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/science/contenthandler.cfm?id=2192 | work=The Antarctic Sun| title=Climate change may be to blame for disappearance of Antarctic silverfish}} 5. ^1 {{FishBase species|genus = Pleuragramma|species = antarctica|month = February|year = 2009}} 6. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0742-8413(95)00007-T | author = A. P. Wohrmann | year = 1995 |pmid=7656179 |title=Antifreeze glycopeptides in the high-Antarctic Silverfish Pleurogramma antarcticum (Notothenioidei) | journal = Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Toxicol. Endocrinol. | volume = 111 | issue = 1 | pages = 121–9}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal | last1 = Granata | first1 = A. | last2 = Zagami | first2 = G. | last3 = Vacchi | first3 = M. | last4 = Guglielmo | first4 = L. | year = 2009 | title = Summer and spring trophic niche of larval and juvenile Pleuragramma antarcticum in the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica | url = | journal = Polar Biology | volume = 32 | issue = 3| pages = 369–382 | doi = 10.1007/s00300-008-0551-8 }} 3 : Nototheniidae|Fish of Antarctica|Fish described in 1902 |
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