“Anthony G. Brown”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Brown served two four-year terms in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Prince George's County.

He is a Colonel in the United States Army Reserve, having served in the U.S. Army for over thirty years. While lieutenant governor, Brown was one of the two highest-ranking elected officials in the nation to have served a tour of duty in Iraq.^[5]^[6]

Early life and education

Brown was born in 1961 in Huntington, New York, to immigrant parents. His father, Roy Hershel Brown, a physician, was born in Cayo Mambi, Cuba; was raised in Kingston, Jamaica; and later came to the U.S. to attend Fordham University.^[7] Roy received his medical degree in Zurich, Switzerland, where he also met his future wife, Lilly I. Berlinger.^[8] The couple married and Lilly moved with Brown to New York, where they had Anthony, his sister, and three brothers.^[9]

The family lived in Huntington, New York, in Suffolk County on Long Island, where Anthony attended public schools, graduating from Huntington High School in 1979. In his senior year, Brown became the first African American to be elected as president of Huntington High School. After high school, Brown started at the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he had an appointment. He quickly switched to Harvard College, where he majored in Government and resided in Quincy House.^[10] At Harvard, Brown served on the Student Advisory Committee at the Kennedy School of Government's Institute of Politics. Since Harvard did not offer ROTC at the time, in his second year, Brown enrolled in the Army Reserve Officer Training Corps program at MIT and earned a two-year scholarship.^[1] In 1984, Brown graduated with an A.B. cum laude, and as a Distinguished Military Graduate.

Military career

Upon graduation, Brown received a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army. He served on active duty for five years. He graduated first in his flight class at Fort Rucker, Alabama. During his time on active duty, Brown served as a helicopter pilot with the Aviation Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division in Europe.^[11] During that period of active duty, Brown held positions as platoon leader for a target acquisition, reconnaissance and surveillance platoon, executive officer of a general support aviation company, a battalion logistics officer, and the flight operations officer for Task Force 23.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}

Law school and legal career

After completing his active duty service, Brown returned to graduate school, entering Harvard Law School in 1989 and earning his JD degree. He attended Harvard Law School at the same time as African Americans Barack Obama (future President of the United States), Artur Davis and actor Hill Harper. Brown was a member of the Board of Student Advisers. His third-year paper, written under the supervision of Professor Charles Ogletree, analyzed the scope of the Fourth Amendment's protections against unreasonable search and seizure in the military. Brown was Chair of the Membership Committee of the Black Law Students Association.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Brown graduated from Harvard Law, with a Juris Doctor in 1992.

After graduating from law school, Brown completed a two-year clerkship for Chief Judge Eugene Sullivan of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. In 1994, he joined the Washington, D.C. office of the international law firm of Wilmer Cutler Pickering (now WilmerHale). Brown practiced law with the late John Payton,^[12] a renowned civil rights attorney and former president of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, and Stephen Sachs, who was the United States Attorney for the District of Maryland from 1967 to 1970 and was the 40th Attorney General of Maryland. In 1998, Brown received Wilmer's Pro Bono Publico Award for his work in representing indigent clients. In 1999, Brown worked for Merrill Lynch for five months.^[13] Brown joined the Prince George's County land use and zoning law firm Gibbs & Haller in 2000, after having been elected to the Maryland General Assembly.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}

Army Reserve

Brown continued his military service as a Judge Advocate General (JAG) in the United States Army Reserve. Brown began his service as a JAG with the 10th LSO in Upper Marlboro, Maryland, where he held numerous assignments, including in the areas of international law and claims law.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Brown is a Colonel in the U.S. Army Reserve.

His assignments included Commander of the 153rd Legal Support Organization in Norristown, Pennsylvania, where, in addition to supporting deploying service members and their families with legal services, he mobilized eighteen soldiers to Fort Hood, Texas in support of the III Corps' Operation New Dawn mission to Iraq. Prior to his tenure with the 153rd LSO, Brown was the Staff Judge Advocate for the 353rd Civil Affairs Command headquartered at Fort Wadsworth, New York.

In 2004, Brown, then a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, was deployed to Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Brown served in Baghdad, Fallujah, Kirkuk, and Basra with the 353rd Civil Affairs Command as Senior Consultant to the Iraqi Ministry of Displacement and Migration. Brown received the Bronze Star for his distinguished service in Iraq.

Maryland House of Delegates

Brown's political career began in 1998, when he was elected to serve in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 25 in Prince George's County. Brown ran on a Democratic Party ticket with Senator Ulysses Currie, Delegate Dereck Davis, and Delegate Melony Griffith. He served two terms in the Maryland House of Delegates and rose to several positions of leadership. During his first term, Brown served on the House Economic Matters Committee. He was appointed Vice Chair of the Judiciary Committee in 2003. In 2004, Speaker of the House Michael E. Busch appointed Brown to the position of Majority Whip, the fourth-ranking position in the House.

Lieutenant Governor of Maryland

In 2006, Brown was elected Lieutenant Governor on a ticket with Martin O'Malley, the former Mayor of Baltimore.^[14] The pair were the only challenging candidates to defeat an incumbent gubernatorial ticket in the 2006 election cycle.^[15] On January 17, 2007, Brown was sworn in as Maryland's 8th lieutenant governor. Both Brown and O'Malley were reelected by a 56% to 42% margin on November 2, 2010. Brown was the first person ever elected Lieutenant Governor directly from the Maryland House of Delegates.

Governor O'Malley tasked Brown to lead the O'Malley-Brown Administration's efforts on several policy fronts, including efforts to expand and improve health care, support economic development, help victims of domestic violence, increase access to higher education, and provide Veterans with better services and resources.

In July 2010, Brown was elected chair of the National Lieutenant Governors Association,^[16] a position he served in for a term of one year.^[17]

Health care

As Co-Chair of the Maryland Health Care Reform Coordinating Council and Maryland's Health Quality and Cost Council, Lt. Governor Brown led the O'Malley-Brown administration's efforts to reduce costs, expand access, and improve the quality of care for all residents of the state. In June 2012, Brown was named "Maryland's Public Health Hero" by the Maryland Health Care for All! Coalition.^[18] He assisted in the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, which according to a "non-partisan" 2012 study using Obama administration numbers and various state agency projections, would save Maryland $672 million by 2020.^[19]^[20] In both 2011 and 2012, Brown led legislation through the Maryland General Assembly to create a health insurance exchange.^[21]

Brown was severely criticized for his leadership of the development of the health insurance exchange.^[22] As of April 14, 2014, it had enrolled only 66,203 individuals (including family members on shared plans).^[23] The O'Malley Administration apologized for the "botched" launch of the Web site and had to seek emergency funding legislation to make stopgap changes to the site.^[24] The state paid a contractor $125.5 million to develop and operate the failed site.^[25] Due to the failed rollout, the state incurred an estimated $30.5 million in unnecessary Medicaid spending.^[26] The web site failure was the subject of a federal investigation into the costs associated with developing the exchange and the site's performance failures.^[27] The state announced that it was considering scrapping its failed online health exchange altogether and hiring a new contractor to build a new online exchange using technology employed by the state of Connecticut, at an expected cost of tens of millions of dollars.^[25] The Obama administration relaxed rules for residents of states like Maryland with dysfunctional online health care exchanges, allowing consumers to bypass the exchanges altogether to buy health insurance.^[28]

Brown led efforts to address health disparities among racial and ethnic groups in Maryland. In 2012, he developed created Health Enterprise Zones,^[29] which would use incentives to increase the number of primary care providers and other essential health care services in underserved communities. The goal is to reduce preventable diseases, such as asthma and diabetes.^[30]

Economic development

Brown led the administration's economic development portfolio. He served as chair of numerous economic development initiatives, including the Joint Legislative and Executive Commission on Oversight of Public-Private Partnerships, the Governor's Subcabinet on Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC), and the FastTrack initiative – part of Maryland Made Easy (www.easy.maryland.gov) – to streamline the state permitting process for businesses and developers.^[31]

Public-private partnerships

Brown became one of the leading champions for the increased use of Public-Private Partnerships to advance infrastructure projects in Maryland. Governor Martin O'Malley appointed Brown to serve as Chair of the Joint Legislative and Executive Commission on Oversight of Public-Private Partnerships. The fifteen-member Commission was established in 2010 under House Bill 1370 to evaluate the State's framework and oversight of public–private partnerships. Under Brown's leadership, the Commission worked to increase the potential for private investment in public infrastructure projects. The commission submitted its final report to the Governor and General Assembly in January 2012, which included assessing the oversight, best practices, and approval processes for public-private partnerships in other states; evaluating the definition of public-private partnerships; making recommendations concerning the appropriate manner of conducting legislative monitoring and oversight of public-private partnerships; and making recommendations concerning broad policy parameters within which public-private partnerships should be negotiated.^[32]

Base realignment and closure (BRAC)

Brown was tasked by Governor O'Malley to lead the Base Realignment and Closure Subcabinet and the implementation of Maryland's BRAC Plan, which ensured the State of Maryland would be ready for the 28,000 households that came to the state as a result of the BRAC process. It was estimated that between and 45,000 to 60,000 jobs would be created in Maryland by 2016 due to BRAC.^[33] Since 2007, the BRAC Subcabinet met regularly with BRAC stakeholders to coordinate and synchronize the State's efforts with public and private partners to address BRAC needs. The BRAC Plan set forth new initiatives and priorities to address the human capital and physical infrastructure requirements to support BRAC, as well as to seize the opportunities that BRAC presents, while preserving the quality of life already enjoyed by Marylanders. Several of the larger moves included the Army's Communications–Electronics Command (CECOM) to Aberdeen Proving Ground from Ft. Monmouth, New Jersey, and the Air National Guard Readiness Center at Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility Washington. The Defense Information Systems Agency was relocating to Fort George G. Meade from northern Virginia and Walter Reed Army Medical Center was moving to the Bethesda Naval Hospital to create the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center at Bethesda.

In 2011, the Association of Defense Communities recognized Brown as their Public Official of the Year for his leadership on BRAC.^[34]

Domestic violence

Eliminating domestic violence is a personal cause for Brown. In August 2008, his cousin Cathy was murdered by her estranged boyfriend.^[35] Building on his legislative experience and personal perspective, Brown has championed reforms to fight domestic violence and provide improved support to victims.

In 2009, Brown led efforts to improve domestic violence laws and take guns out of the hands of domestic abusers by allowing judges to order the abuser, in a temporary protective order, to surrender any firearms in his or her possession.^[36]

During the 2010 Legislative Session, Brown worked with the General Assembly to pass legislation allowing a victim of domestic abuse to terminate a residential lease with a copy of a final protective order.^[37] During the 2012 Legislative Session, Brown gained the administration's goal of extending unemployment benefits to a victim of domestic violence who decides to leave employment because the abuser is a threat at the workplace.

Brown also led efforts to expand the availability of hospital-based Domestic Violence Screening programs at Maryland hospitals to help identify victims of domestic violence and connect them to support services. In 2010, he helped launch Maryland's fifth hospital-based domestic violence program at Prince George's Hospital Center in Cheverly. In 2011, Brown helped launch a sixth hospital-based program at Meritus Medical Center in Hagerstown, Maryland. Similar programs are in place in the Baltimore region at Anne Arundel Medical Center, Mercy Medical Center, Sinai Hospital, and Northwest Hospital.^[38]

Education

Under the O'Malley Brown Administration, Maryland's students made dramatic improvements in nearly every statistical category,{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}, and Maryland's schools were ranked # 1 in the country for 4 years in a row.^[39]

Brown lead the O'Malley-Brown administration's efforts to increase taxes to support education and other programs. They raised taxes over 40 times during their tenure. The administration took steps to make a higher education more accessible and affordable for all Marylanders, including making record investments in community colleges and working to keep an education affordable at four-year public colleges and universities. As a result, the number of STEM college graduates, number of associate degrees, and the number of bachelor's degrees awarded in Maryland all increased since the team took office in 2007.^[39]

In 2010, Lt. Governor Brown launched the Skills2Compete initiative, which promotes programs and activities that lead to increasing the skill level of Marylanders though the attainment of a post-secondary credential, apprenticeship program or degree.^[40]

Veterans affairs

Brown was the nation's highest-ranking elected official to have served a tour of military duty in Iraq^[5]^[6] and he led the O'Malley-Brown Administration's work to improve benefits and services for Maryland's veterans.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

In 2012, Brown announced the launch of Maryland Homefront: the Veterans and Military Family Mortgage Program, which helps qualified current and former military members find homes by giving them a discounted mortgage interest rate and help with closing costs.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Also in 2012, Brown helped pass legislation that allows notation of 'veteran' status on drivers' licenses and identification card.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

During the 2008 session of the Maryland General Assembly, Brown led the administration's successful efforts to pass a sweeping veterans package, including passage of the Veterans Behavioral Health Act of 2008. The legislation sets aside $2.3 million for the expansion of direct services to OIF/OEF veterans living with behavioral and mental health problem. The legislation also named Brown chair of the Maryland Veterans Behavioral Health Advisory Board.^[41]^[42]

Other legislation passed as part of the 'Maryland's Commitment to Veterans' package includes:

2008 election and Obama transition

Despite being a classmate of Barack Obama, in September 2007, Brown initially endorsed Hillary Clinton for President in the 2008 election.^[43]^[44] He campaigned for her in several states, including South Carolina and Georgia.^[45] In June 2008, Brown subsequently endorsed Obama.

In July 2008, Brown was appointed to the Democratic National Committee's Platform Committee and served on the Platform Drafting Committee. Brown led the efforts to strengthen the Democratic Party's commitment to veterans and ensuring that the Chesapeake Bay be named as a "national treasure."^[46] Brown was a 'Party Leader/Elected Official' delegate to the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado in late August 2008 and cast his vote for then-Senator Obama, along with 98 members of the Maryland delegation.^[47]

Brown was named Co-Chair of the Obama/Biden Presidential Transition Agency Review Team for the Department of Veterans Affairs on November 14, 2008.^[48]

2014 gubernatorial candidacy

Anthony Brown announced his candidacy for Governor of Maryland in the 2014 election on May 10, 2013, at Prince George's County Community College. He chose Ken Ulman, county executive of Howard County, Maryland, as his running mate in June 2013.^[49] Brown was endorsed by Governor Martin O'Malley, U.S. Senator Barbara Mikulski, U.S. Congressman Steny Hoyer, Maryland Senate President Thomas V. Miller, Jr., and Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake. Brown faced Attorney General Doug Gansler and Delegate Heather Mizeur in the Democratic primary.^[50] Brown won the June 2014 Democratic primary^[51] and became the Democratic nominee for governor but was defeated by Republican nominee Larry Hogan in the general election on November 4, 2014.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

On March 12, 2015, The Baltimore Sun reported that Brown would run for the U.S. House of Representatives seat for Maryland's 4th district, which was being vacated by Donna Edwards, who was running for the US Senate.^[53] He won a crowded six-way Democratic primary—the real contest in this heavily Democratic, black-majority district—with 41 percent of the vote.^[54]

As expected, Brown won the seat handily in the general election, taking over 73 percent of the vote.^[55]

Tenure

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Personal life

Brown married Patricia Arzuaga in 1993, and they had two children, Rebecca and Jonathan, before their divorce in 2009.^[60] Jonathan was adopted.^[61]

Brown secondly married Karmen Walker on May 27, 2012. She is the widow of Prince George's County police officer Anthony Michael Walker. He became the stepfather of Walker's son Anthony.^[60]^[62]^[63] Both Anthony and Brown's son Jonathan are in the same grade at the same Catholic school.^[63] Walker is a director of government relations with Comcast.^[60]^[64]^[65]

Awards, ribbons, and badges

Brown was also awarded the Army Aviator Badge, and the Army Superior Unit Award. He is Airborne and Air Assault qualified, and is authorized to wear one Overseas Service Bar.

See also

References

1. ^¹²"Anthony G. Brown, Lt. Governor". Political biography. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
2. ^"O'Malley/Brown in Maryland gubernatorial race{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 10, 2007. Not available online as of January 13, 2007.
3. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/02/AR2010110203248.html | work=The Washington Post | title=Maryland election results 2010: Martin O'Malley beats Bob Ehrlich in a rematch for Governor | date=November 2, 2010}}
4. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/republican-larry-hogan-wins-md-governors-race-in-stunning-upset/2014/11/05/9eb8bf46-60ac-11e4-8b9e-2ccdac31a031_story.html?tid=pm_pop |title=Republican Larry Hogan wins Md. governor's race in stunning upset |publisher=washingtonpost.com |access-date=November 5, 2014}}
5. ^¹{{cite news|first=Tom |last=Shoop |title=Maryland Lt. Gov. 'Serious' Contender for VA Slot |work=National Journal |date=November 21, 2008 |access-date=December 31, 2008 |quote=having spent 10 months in the country in 2004 |url=http://lostintransition.nationaljournal.com/2008/11/maryland-lt-gov-serious-conten.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112193103/http://lostintransition.nationaljournal.com/2008/11/maryland-lt-gov-serious-conten.php |dead-url=yes |archive-date=January 12, 2011 }}
6. ^¹{{cite news |url=http://wamu.org/news/12/05/23/fundraising_website_launched_by_maryland_lt_gov_brown |first=Matt |last=Bush |title=Fundraising Website Launched By Maryland Lt. Gov. Brown |work=wamu.org |publisher=American University |date=May 23, 2012 |access-date=August 18, 2012}}
7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?pid=169492092 |title=Roy Hershel Brown Obituary |newspaper=The New York Times |publisher=legacy.com |date=February 3, 2014 |accessdate=March 12, 2015 }}
8. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/002700/002768/html/post28oct2006.html |title=A Demanding Race |first=David |last=Montgomery |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=C1 |date=October 28, 2006 |accessdate=October 13, 2012}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10090748|title=One to watch: Maryland's Lt. Governor Anthony Brown|publisher=National Public Radio|accessdate=April 12, 2008}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://wp-dr.wpni.com/wp-dyn/articles/A50606-2004Aug8_2.html |title=Md. Lawmaker Trades Politics For New Fight (washingtonpost.com) |publisher=Wp-dr.wpni.com |accessdate=May 11, 2012}}
11. ^This is the official formatting of the brigade and division names, per {{cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/003idavbde.htm |title=Lineage And Honors Information |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |accessdate=April 22, 2014}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/politico44/2012/03/obama-pays-tribute-to-naacps-john-payton-118413.html |title=Obama pays tribute to NAACP's John Payton |publisher=Politico.Com |date=March 19, 2012 |accessdate=March 23, 2012}}
13. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/brown-updates-state-biography-to-include-work-with-wealth-management-firm-in-1999/2014/04/21/8732d632-c96b-11e3-93eb-6c0037dde2ad_story.html |title=Brown updates state biography to include work with wealth-management firm in 1999 |date=April 21, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=John |last=Wagner |accessdate=May 14, 2014 }}
14. ^Cook, Dave. "O'Malley Picks Anthony Brown as Running Mate {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214002835/http://www.martinomalley.com/news/374/omalley-picks-anthony-brown-as-running-mate |date=December 14, 2006 }}". Baltimore Times. December 16, 2005. from Martin O'Malley political website. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/topic/politics/government/martin-omalley-PEPLT007459.topic |title=Martin O'Malley News and Photos |accessdate=December 4, 2008 |work=baltimoresun.com |publisher=The Baltimore Sun }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nlga.us/web-content/Committees/Officers_Exec_Comm.html |title=2010 – 2011 Officers & Executive Committee |work=nlga.us |publisher=National Lieutenant Governors Association |accessdate=May 24, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722144426/http://www.nlga.us/web-content/Committees/Officers_Exec_Comm.html |archivedate=July 22, 2011 |df=mdy }}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Lt. Governor Anthony Brown Completes Term as Chair of National Lieutenant Governors Association |url=http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/110729.asp |accessdate=November 8, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001170427/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/110729.asp |archivedate=October 1, 2011 }}
18. ^{{cite press release|url=http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/120607.asp |title=Lt. Governor Brown Receives Public Health Hero Award |publisher=Office of Lt. Governor Anthony Brown |date=June 7, 2012 |accessdate=June 4, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626145640/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/120607.asp |archivedate=June 26, 2012 }}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hilltopinstitute.org/publications/MarylandHealthCareReformSimulationModel-July2012.pdf |title=Maryland Health Care Reform Simulation Model: Detailed Analysis and Methodology |publisher=The Hilltop Institute |date=July 2012 |accessdate=June 4, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017225326/http://hilltopinstitute.org/publications/MarylandHealthCareReformSimulationModel-July2012.pdf |archivedate=October 17, 2013 |df=mdy }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://hilltopinstitute.org/publications/SimulationModelProjections-July2012.pdf |title=Health Care Reform Simulation Model Projections |publisher=The Hilltop Institute |date=July 13, 2012 |access-date=June 4, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017230851/http://hilltopinstitute.org/publications/SimulationModelProjections-July2012.pdf |archivedate=October 17, 2013 |df=mdy }}
21. ^Press Release. "O'Malley-Brown Administration's Health Care Reform Package Signed Into Law {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001170447/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/110412.asp |date=October 1, 2011 }}". Office of Lt. Governor. April 12, 2011. From Lt. Governor Brown's official website. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
22. ^{{cite news | last = McCartney | first = Robert | title = Brown bungles health-care plan debut but will probably win Md. governorship anyway | newspaper = The Washington Post | date = December 11, 2013 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/anthony-brown-bungles-health-plan-debut-but-will-probably-win-governorship-anyway/2013/12/11/6400d3e4-62af-11e3-91b3-f2bb96304e34_story.html | accessdate = March 10, 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/md-spent-90-million-on-health-exchange-technology-according-to-cost-breakdown/2014/04/18/5f2e7600-c722-11e3-8b9a-8e0977a24aeb_story.html|title=Md. spent $90 million on health exchange technology, according to cost breakdown|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=April 18, 2014|date=April 14, 2014}}
24. ^{{cite web | author = WBALTV11 | title = O'Malley administration apologizes for botched health exchange rollout | date = January 15, 2014 | url = http://www.wbaltv.com/health/health-care-reform/lt-gov-to-testify-on-botched-state-health-care-website/23920774 | accessdate = March 10, 2014}}
25. ^¹{{cite news | last1 = Johnson | first1 = Jenna | last2 = Flaherty | first2 = Mary Pat | title = Maryland gears up for health exchange redo | date = March 30, 2014 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/maryland-gears-up-for-health-exchange-redo/2014/03/30/1282149e-b825-11e3-899e-bb708e3539dd_story.html | accessdate = March 31, 2014 | work=The Washington Post}}
26. ^{{Citation | last = Johnson | first = Jenna | last2 = Flaherty | first2 = Mary Pat | title = Maryland begins to put a price on health-care exchange debacle | newspaper = The Washington Post | date = February 27, 2014 | url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/major-flaw-in-md-health-site-may-mean-30-million-in-unnecessary-medicaid-payments/2014/02/27/4092eb06-9f2f-11e3-a050-dc3322a94fa7_story.html | accessdate = March 10, 2014}}
27. ^{{cite news | last = Gantz | first = Sarah | title = Feds to investigate Maryland's health exchange | newspaper = Baltimore Business Journal | date = March 10, 2014 | url = http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2014/03/10/feds-to-investigate-marylands-health-exchange.html | accessdate = March 10, 2014}}
28. ^{{cite news| publisher= CBS News|agency=Associated Press | title = Obamacare rule eased for states with website troubles | date = February 28, 2014 | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/news/obamacare-rule-eased-for-states-with-website-troubles/ | accessdate = March 18, 2014}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/webmga/frmMain.aspx?ys=2012rs/billfile/SB0234.htm |title=Senate Bill 234 |publisher=Maryland General Assembly |year=2012 |accessdate=June 4, 2013 }}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://dhmh.maryland.gov/healthenterprisezones/SitePages/About_Hez.aspx |title=What is a HEZ? |publisher=Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene |accessdate=June 4, 2013 }}
31. ^Press Release. "Lt. Governor Brown Testifies Before General Assembly on Job Creation Through Infrastructure Projects {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101201526/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/111018.asp |date=November 1, 2011 }}". Office of Lt. Governor. October 18, 2011. From Lt. Governor Brown's official website. Retrieved on November 6, 2011.
32. ^Press Release. "Lt. Governor Brown Presides Over Joint Legislative and Executive Commission on Oversight of Public-Private Partnerships {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001170419/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/110831.asp |date=October 1, 2011 }}". Office of Lt. Governor. August 31, 2011. From Lt. Governor Brown's official website. Retrieved on November 6, 2011.
33. ^{{cite press release |title=Base Realignment and Closure Study Assesses Impact on Maryland Resources |url=http://www.gov.state.md.us/ltgovernor/pressreleases/070209.html |publisher=Office of the Lt. Governor |date=February 9, 2007 |accessdate=November 22, 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081219230343/http://www.gov.state.md.us/ltgovernor/pressreleases/070209.html| archivedate= December 19, 2008 | deadurl= no}}
34. ^{{cite press release|url=http://www.defensecommunities.org/headlines/marylands-lieutenant-governor-earns-defense-community-award/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729060244/http://www.defensecommunities.org/headlines/marylands-lieutenant-governor-earns-defense-community-award/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |title=Maryland's Lieutenant Governor Earns Defense Community Award |publisher=Association of Defense Communities |date=July 7, 2011 |accessdate=November 6, 2011 }}
35. ^News Article. "Maryland Receives $2M Grant To Stop Domestic Violence". WAMU 88.5 American University Radio. October 31, 2011. Retrieved on November 6, 2011.
36. ^Press Release. "Statement from Lt. Governor Anthony G. Brown on Passage of HB 296 and HB 302 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001170839/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/090317.asp |date=October 1, 2011 }}". Office of Lt. Governor. March 17, 2009. From Lt. Governor Brown's official website. Retrieved on November 6, 2011.
37. ^Press Release. "Lt. Governor Brown Applauds Delegate Glenn, General Assembly for Passing Strong Legislation to Protect Victims of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201160544/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/100409b.asp |date=December 1, 2011 }}". Office of Lt. Governor. April 9, 2010. From Lt. Governor Brown's official website. Retrieved on November 6, 2011.
38. ^Press Release. "Lt. Governor Brown Announces New Hospital-Based Domestic Violence Program at Prince George's Hospital Center {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201160355/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/101020.asp |date=December 1, 2011 }}". Office of Lt. Governor. October 20, 2010. From Lt. Governor Brown's official website. Retrieved on November 6, 2011.
39. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.governor.maryland.gov/statestat/GDUeducation.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201171533/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/statestat/GDUeducation.asp |publisher=Office of Governor Martin O'Malley |date=January 12, 2012 |access-date=December 15, 2015 |archive-date=February 1, 2013 |dead-url=yes |title=Governor O’Malley’s 15 Strategic Policy Goals: 2. Improve Student Achievement and School, College, and Career Readiness in Maryland by 25% by End 2015 }}
40. ^Press Release. "Lt. Governor Brown Tours New Dorchester Career & Technology Center {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201160312/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/110629.asp |date=December 1, 2011 }}". Office of Lt. Governor. June 29, 2011. From Lt. Governor Brown's official website. Retrieved on November 6, 2011.
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42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.governor.md.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/070212.html |title=Lt. Governor Anthony Brown and the Maryland Higher Education Commission Launch New Veterans of Afghanistan and Iraq Conflicts Scholarship Program |publisher=Office of the Lt. Governor |accessdate=November 28, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721044934/http://www.governor.md.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/070212.html |archivedate=July 21, 2011 }}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=92759#axzz1bhxDxKD2 |title=Hillary Clinton: Press Release – Maryland Lt. Gov. Anthony Brown Endorses Clinton |publisher=Presidency.ucsb.edu |date=September 25, 2007 |accessdate=May 11, 2012}}
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45. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2008-02-08/news/0802080282_1_bill-clinton-hillary-clinton-omalley |title=O'Malley's Clinton ties get politically thorny |work=The Baltimore Sun |date=February 8, 2008 |accessdate=May 11, 2012}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/080708.asp |title=Lt. Governor Anthony G. Brown Named to Democratic National Committee Platform Drafting Committee |date=July 8, 2008 |publisher=Office of the Lt. Governor of Maryland |accessdate=November 27, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501120018/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/ltgovernor/pressreleases/080708.asp |archivedate=May 1, 2009 }}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/40party/html/demc.html#2008|title=POLITICAL PARTIES|publisher=Maryland State Archives|accessdate=November 27, 2008}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/local/bal-br.md.brown18nov18,0,6905523.story?track=rss|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730001727/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/local/bal-br.md.brown18nov18,0,6905523.story?track=rss|dead-url=yes|archive-date=July 30, 2012|title=Lt. Gov. Brown a co-chair of Obama veterans team|last=Dechter|first=Gadi|date=November 18, 2008|publisher=The Baltimore Sun|accessdate=November 28, 2008}}
49. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-brown-ulman-20130603,0,633628.story |title=Brown names Ulman as his running mate |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |last=Cox |first=Erin |date=June 3, 2013 |accessdate=June 4, 2013 }}
50. ^{{cite news|last=Wagner|first=John|title=Brown plans to announce Mikulski's endorsement at campaign event Sunday|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/brown-plans-to-announce-mikulskis-endorsement-at-campaign-event-sunday/2013/09/17/6f56af6c-1fc9-11e3-8459-657e0c72fec8_story.html|accessdate=September 19, 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=September 17, 2013}}
51. ^{{cite news|last1=Shepard|first1=Steven|title=Democrat Anthony Brown wins Maryland governor primary|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2014/06/maryland-2014-elections-anthony-brown-108268.html?hp=f1|accessdate=June 25, 2014|publisher=Politico|date=June 24, 2014}}
52. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2014/11/05/hogans-win-got-boost-from-low-voter-turnout.html |title=Low Democratic turnout propelled Larry Hogan to victory in Maryland governor's race |date=November 5, 2014 |first=Timothy |last=Sandoval |newspaper=Baltimore Business Journal |accessdate=March 12, 2015 }}
53. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-anthony-brown-20150311-story.html |title=Anthony Brown to run for House seat |date=March 12, 2015 |accessdate=March 12, 2015 |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |first=John |last=Fritze }}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://elections.maryland.gov/elections/2016/results/Primary/gen_results_2016_3_008X.html |title=Official 2016 Primary Election Results |publisher=Maryland Secretary of State |accessdate=April 28, 2016}}
55. ^{{cite web | url=http://results.elections.maryland.gov/elections/2016/results/General/gen_detail_results_2016_4_BOT00804.html |title=Unofficial 2016 Presidential General Election results for Representative in Congress - District 4 |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}
56. ^{{cite web|title=Membership|author=|url=https://cbc.house.gov/membership/|format=|publisher=Congressional Black Caucus|date=|accessdate=7 March 2018}}
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58. ^{{cite web|title=Members|author=|url=http://www.ng911institute.org/about-the-congressional-nextgen-9-1-1-caucus|format=|publisher=Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus|date=|accessdate=11 June 2018}}
59. ^{{cite web|title=Members|author=|url=https://usjapancaucus-castro.house.gov/members|format=| publisher=U.S. - Japan Caucus|date=|accessdate=12 January 2019}}
60. ^¹²{{cite news |url=http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2011/05/16/md-lt-gov-anthony-brown-announce-engagement/ |title=Md. Lt. Gov. Anthony Brown Announces Engagement |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=CBS Baltimore |date=May 16, 2011 |accessdate=February 10, 2012}}
61. ^{{cite news|url=http://glenburnie.patch.com/blog_posts/anthony-brown-my-son-jonathan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131063806/http://glenburnie.patch.com/blog_posts/anthony-brown-my-son-jonathan |dead-url=yes |archive-date=January 31, 2013 |title=Anthony Brown: My Son Jonathan |date=November 26, 2012 |accessdate=December 16, 2012 |newspaper=Glen Burnie Patch |last=Brown |first=Anthony G. }}
62. ^{{cite news|title=Maryland Lt. Gov. Anthony Brown marries Karmen Bailey Walker in College Park|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/reliable-source/post/maryland-lt-gov-anthony-brown-marries-karmen-bailey-walker-in-college-park/2012/05/29/gJQALPFgzU_blog.html|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=May 30, 2012|date=May 30, 2012}}
63. ^¹{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-31463878.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329110210/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-31463878.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |title=A 'little hug thing' blossoms in Md. |date=May 30, 2012 |accessdate=September 2, 2012 |newspaper=The Washington Post |quote=Walker's son Anthony, 12, is a few months older than Brown's son Jonathan, and the two are in the same grade at the same Catholic school. |subscription=yes}}
64. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/maryland-politics/post/maryland-lt-gov-anthony-brown-is-engaged/2011/05/16/AFbWNB5G_blog.html |title=Maryland Lt. Gov. Anthony Brown is engaged |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 16, 2011 |accessdate=February 11, 2012}}
65. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-97658.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329105923/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-97658.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |title=Cardinals Scramble To Defeat Abuse Bills; Child Victims Would Get More Time to Sue in Md. |date=March 24, 2006 |accessdate=January 25, 2013 |first=Caryle |last=Murphy |newspaper=The Washington Post |publisher=via HighBeam Research {{Subscription required}} |quote=Committee member Anthony G. Brown (D-Prince George's), who is Catholic}}