| 词条 | Zichia |
| 释义 |
|native_name = Шапсыгъэ Хэгъэгу |conventional_long_name = Zichia |common_name = Zichia |empire = |government_type = Kingdom/Princedom |year_start = ??? |year_end = {{Circa|1500}} |event1 = |date_event1 = |p1 = Zyx |flag_p1 = Coats of arms of None.svg |p2 = Maeotians |flag_p2 = Coats of arms of None.svg |s1 = Circassia |flag_s1 = Circassian flag.svg |s2 = Kassogians |flag_s2 = Coats of arms of None.svg |image_flag = |flag_type = |image_map = Banduri and Lisle. Imperii Orientalis et Circumjacentium Regionum.C (Chazaria, Alania, Zichia, Uzia, Abasgia).jpg |image_map_caption = Map showing Zichia. |capital = |common_languages= Circassian |religion = {{bulleted list|Khabzeism|Christianity}} }}Zichia ({{lang-gr|Ζιχία}}) or Zekchia (Ζηκχία), was a medieval kingdom on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea, inhabited by Circassians.[1] The exact borders of the kingdom is unknown. According to the 10th-century Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos ({{reign|913–959}}), it lay south of Tamatarcha (Tmutorokan), separated from it by the river Oukrouch (possibly to be identified with the Kuban River), and had a city called Nikopsis.{{sfn|Pritsak|1991|pp=2226–2227}} According to a legend about a visit of the Apostle Andrew there, it lay between Abasgia (Abkhazia) and the Cimmerian Bosporus (Strait of Kerch).{{sfn|Pritsak|1991|pp=2226–2227}} In historical sources, the area first appears in the 6th century, when the Byzantine historian Procopius of Caesarea (Wars, VIII.4.2) records that the people of the Zechoi used to have a king appointed by the Roman Emperor, but that they had since become independent.{{sfn|Pritsak|1991|pp=2226–2227}} The Notitiae Episcopatuum of the Patriarchate of Constantinople mention an autocephalous archbishopric of Zichia from the 7th century on, associated with Tamatarcha or the Cimmerian Bosporus.{{sfn|Pritsak|1991|pp=2226–2227}} At the time of Constantine VII, Byzantine dealings with the area were carried out by the inhabitants of Cherson.{{sfn|Pritsak|1991|pp=2226–2227}} In the 11th century, the Byzantines may have established control over the region, as attested by the seal of a Michael, "archon of Zichia, Khazaria, and Gothia", but this is disputed among modern scholars. In the 12th century, Emperor Manuel I Komnenos ({{reign|1143–1180}}) used the title "emperor of Zichia, Khazaria, and Gothia", but it is unclear to which extent this claim corresponded to reality.{{sfn|Pritsak|1991|pp=2226–2227}} In the 13th century, the area was visited by Hungarian and Italian travellers, who called it Sychia (and other variants thereof). These travellers located Matrica (Tmutorokan) within Sychia.{{sfn|Pritsak|1991|pp=2226–2227}} In 1333, Pope John XXII thanked the King Verzacht (Верзахта in Cyrillic script) of Zichia (Circassia) for his assistance in implementing the Christian faith among Circassians.[1] In 1471, the ruler of Caffa, Uffizio di San Giorgio signed a contract with the ruler of Circassia, "the paramount lord of Zichia" for supplying of Caffa with large quantities of grain by Zichia.[2] See also
References1. ^1 Колли Л. Кафа в период владения ею банком св. Георгия (1454—1475) // Известия Таврической Ученой Архивной комиссии. № 47. Симферополь, 1912. С. 86 2. ^Kressel R. Ph. The Administration of Caffa under the Uffizio di San Giorgio. University of Wisconsin, 1966. P. 396 Sources
5 : Circassians|Former countries in Europe|Defunct dioceses of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Former populated places in Eastern Europe|History of Kuban |
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