| 词条 | Zofia Kuratowska |
| 释义 |
|name = Zofia Kuratowska |nationality = Polish |image = Zofia Kuratowska.jpg |office = Deputy Marshal of the Senate of Poland |term_start = 15 October 1993 |term_end = 20 October 1997 |office1 = Deputy Marshal of the Senate of Poland |term_start1 = 22 November 1989 |term_end1 = 26 November 1991 |party = Democratic Union, Freedom Union |birth_date = 20 July 1931 |birth_place = Skolimów-Konstancin, Poland |death_date = {{death date and age|1999|6|8|1931|7|20}} |death_place = Pretoria, South Africa }}Zofia Kuratowska (20 July 1931 – 8 June 1999) was a Polish doctor, politician, and diplomat of Jewish descent.. Her father, Kazimierz Kuratowski, was a mathematician who worked at the Warsaw School of Mathematics. Kuratowska took part in the Warsaw Uprising during World War II. After the war ended, she graduated from the Medical University of Warsaw with a specialty in hematology, and became a doctor. In the 1980s she joined the Solidarity movement and became one of their healthcare workers.[1] During her time in Solidarity, she took care of over 1,000 political prisoners, and published underground magazines emphasizing their lack of care and inadequate living conditions.[2] During the HIV/AIDS epidemic throughout the 1980s, the government turned to Kuratowska, working with her to prevent the spread of the virus despite having blacklisted her earlier in the decade due to her Solidarity activism.[3] In 1989, she took part in the Polish Round Table Agreement, and from there ran for the Senate in the first democratic elections. She won with 82.5 percent of the vote, the largest margin of any candidate, which she accomplished by simply saying that she "could not promise anything."[4] In her first term, she was chosen to be Deputy Marshal of the Senate. During this time, she also ran the Hematology Clinic at the Warsaw School of Medicine.[1] Kuratowska was re-elected to the Senate in 1991 in 1993, serving as Deputy Marshal again during her third term. She served on the Committee on Social Affairs and Health and the Foreign Affairs Committee.[5] After her term ended in 1997, she was nominated to be the ambassador to South Africa, where she spent the rest of her life, dying in 1999.[6] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://en.gariwo.net/righteous/the-righteous-biographies/dissent-in-eastern-europe/exemplary-figures-reported-by-gariwo/zofia-kuratowska-15244.html|title=Zofia Kuratowska 1931 - 1999 the doctor of Solidarity movement|publisher=Gariwo|date=2017|accessdate=27 November 2017}} {{ViceMarshalsSenate}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuratowska, Zofia}}2. ^{{cite book|publisher=Human Rights Watch|title=Prison Conditions in Poland|first=Herman|last=Schwartz|year=1988|page=17|isbn=9780938579625}} 3. ^{{cite magazine|title=Poles told to bring their own syringes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0_GCW9BG3EC&pg=PA32|publisher=New Scientist|page=32|date=7 July 1988|access-date=27 November 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/23/world/warsaw-journal-how-to-be-big-winner-just-make-no-promises.html|title=Warsaw Journal; How to Be Big Winner: Just Make No Promises|first=John|last=Tagliabue|publisher=The New York Times|date=23 June 1989|accessdate=27 November 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://ww2.senat.pl/k3/senat/Senator/kuratows.htm|title=Zofia Kuratowska|publisher=Senate of Poland|date=1999|accessdate=27 November 2017}} {{pl icon}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wysokieobcasy.pl/wysokie-obcasy/1,53662,18036420,Zofia_Kuratowska__Polityczka_i_lekarka__jakich_juz.html|title=Zofia Kuratowska: Polityczka i lekarka, jakich już nie ma|publisher=wysokieobcasy.pl|first=Elżbieta|last=Cichocka|date=6 June 2015|accessdate=27 November 2017}} {{pl icon}} 12 : 1931 births|1999 deaths|Polish Jews|Democratic Union (Poland) politicians|Freedom Union (Poland) politicians|Women members of the Senate of Poland|Members of the Senate of Poland 1989–91|Members of the Senate of Poland 1991–93|Members of the Senate of Poland 1993–97|Ambassadors of Poland to South Africa|Polish women diplomats|Women ambassadors |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。