“Zvi Lieberman”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Zvi Lieberman (also Zvi Liberman) ({{lang-he|צבי ליברמן}}) (March 1, 1891 - August 6, 1985)

was a Russian-born Israeli children’s book author. He immigrated to Palestine during the Second Aliyah period and helped to found Moshav Nahalal. His books became the basis for two landmark films in the history of Israeli cinema - "Oded the Wanderer" (1933) and "Over the Ruins" (1938).

Biography

Zvi Lieberman (Livneh) was born in the village of Mankovka near Uman in the Kiev District (now Ukraine).

He grew up in a Hasidic Jewish home and attended a traditional heder. Later he went to yeshiva and studied general subjects with a private teacher. His father, Ben-Zion, was a businessman.^[3] While many Jewish families in the village earned their living from agriculture, Ben-Zion was a bookish type who stood out for his knowledge of Hebrew.^[4] From a young age, Zvi took an interest in Zionism and joined a Zionist youth movement.^[3]

In 1912, Lieberman immigrated to Palestine with the Second Aliyah. He worked as a manual laborer and farmer in Hadera, Gan Shmuel, Degania Alef and Sejera. In 1921, Lieberman was one of the early pioneers of Nahalal, where he settled permanently.^[5]

Lieberman married Rivka Pinski. Their first daughter Heftsiba, born in 1919, died of Malaria in infancy. The couple’s four other children were Sarah, Rachel, Oded (for whom the fictional hero in ‘’Oded Ha-noded’’ was named) and Dina. In 1943, Oded was seriously injured after he was attacked by an Iraqi soldier stationed at Ramat David air base. He died a year later at the age of 19.^[6] Givat Tel Sifan, a hill near Ramat David, was renamed Givat Oded in his honor.

Public activism

During the First World War, Lieberman headed the employment bureau of Hapoel Hatzair. In 1916, he was one of the founders of Hamashbir Hamerkazi, an economic agency established by the Labor movement to supply consumers with reasonably priced goods. From 1919 to 1925, he helped to coordinate aliyah at the center run by the Histadrut labor federation. He was also active in the Jewish National Fund and Jewish Agency. In 1935, Lieberman was sent to the 19th Zionist Congress in Lucerne as a Labor movement delegate. He was an active member of the Farmers Association, the Israel Naval Society and the Moshavim Movement.

Literary and journalism career

Lieberman began to write in Ukraine, but disposed of all his papers on the eve of his move to Palestine.^[1] He published his first story in Gan Yerek, a journal published by Eliezer Yaffe in Petah Tikvah which became the organ of the Hapoel Hatzair in 1920. It was an article about bee-keeping in the Yemenite Jewish community. Over the years, he continued to write commentary and feature articles for Davar newspaper and Hapoel Hatzair.

In 1932, he began to write for children, first paperbacks like ‘’Oded the Wanderer’’ and then hardcover books. In writing for children, he sought to provide an alternative to the cheap Yiddish books that children in the Yishuv read at the time.

Over the years, Lieberman published dozens of picture books, fiction for teens and novels alongside serious research for adult audiences.^[1] In his semi-autobiographical ‘’A Tale of Love and Darkness’’, Israeli novelist Amos Oz relates that he read Lieberman’s book ‘’Over the Ruins’’ multiple times as a child and it made a lasting impression on him.^[8]

Films

In 1933, ‘’Oded ha-noded’’ was made into a silent film. It was the country’s first full-length feature film for children, produced on a shoestring budget with private financing. Important plot details were changed in the film.^[5] Oded is a young sabra who goes on a hike with school friends. When he strays from the others to record his impressions of the landscape he finds himself lost in the wilderness. After a week he reaches an Arab village, teaches the inhabitants to read and write, and finally returns home.^[9]

Another book by Lieberman, ‘’Me’al ha-khoravot’’’ (‘’Over the Ruins’’) was turned into a 70-minute film with a soundtrack and dialogue. Lieberman wrote the screenplay himself.^[11] Produced in 1938 by Nathan Axelrod and directed by Alfred Wolf, it told the story of children in a Second Temple Jewish village in the Galilee where all the adults were killed by the Romans. The children rebuild the village. Production costs came to 1,000 Palestine pounds. It failed miserably at the box office, but is considered a landmark in the history of Israeli cinema.^[12]

Literary themes

Lieberman wrote for children and young adults on a wide range of themes. Some of his books are about life in the kibbutz and moshav, as in the tale of Oded, a boy who goes hiking with his classmates and gets lost. Others are tales about biblical figures or Jews in the First and Second Temple periods. His novel ‘’From Babylonia to Jerusalem’’ (1933) drew an analogy between the return from Babylon and the early waves of immigration to Palestine.

Lieberman also published utopian novels. ‘’Khalom ha-shlosha’’ (“The Dream of Three’’), for example, is about three friends from the city of Safed, one of whom cares only about money, and another, only about having fun. Both are saved from a life of sin and wastefulness by the third friend who establishes a socialist commune. ‘

’Tevel betkhiyata’’ (‘’Renaissance of a Universe’’) (1955), about a utopia built by astronauts on a trip to Mars, was one of the first science fiction books written in Hebrew.

Published works

References

1. ^¹²Ben-Ezer, Ehud (1998). Days of Artemisia. Am Oved. p. 543.
2. ^Ofek, Uriel (1970). Young World, Massada publishing house, p. 369.
3. ^¹²Tidhar, D. (1949). Entsiklopedyah le-halutse ha-yishuv u-vonav, vol. 3, p. 1405
4. ^“35 books – the crop of a Nahalal man,” Davar, March 31, 1967 (Hebrew)
5. ^¹Touro College, Encyclopedia of the Founders and Builders of Israel
6. ^[https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3788862,00.html ליברמן-כפרי: משפחה שכזאת בנהלל]
7. ^Lieberman, Zvi (November 21, 1969). Conversations with myself. Davar.
8. ^[https://books.google.co.il/books?id=MNksBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA445&lpg=PA445&dq=amos+oz+story+of+love+and+darkness+over+the+ruins&source=bl&ots=BYM39QJXvl&sig=qV3KGEh_p_FHaRw_igQChWE9cJg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOytm306rYAhWBA8AKHc9nDA0Q6AEIVDAF#v=onepage&q=amos%20oz%20story%20of%20love%20and%20darkness%20over%20the%20ruins&f=false A Tale of Love and Darkness, Amos Oz, p.444-445]
9. ^Bar-Yosef, Eitan (2007). [https://books.google.co.il/books?id=KHNJRvdc07cC&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=zvi+lieberman+children%27s&source=bl&ots=MzXUp41L3y&sig=j8IriodGEUSixSFa2navZ4lxCb0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi417O4kP_XAhVjAcAKHTDfBC4Q6AEIQDAH#v=onepage&q=zvi%20lieberman%20children's&f=true A Villa in the Jungle: Africa in Israeli Culture] in Mark H. Gelber and Vivian Liska (ed). Theodor Herzl: From Europe to Zion. De Gruyter. p. 92.
10. ^Oded Hanoded. Israeli Early Cinema.
11. ^[https://books.google.co.il/books?id=LmSFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA293&lpg=PA293&dq=zvi+livne+lieberman+mother+father&source=bl&ots=1-bCDht4o-&sig=b_5ZqO8u6kZUkUoayTZfeVdwsoo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiN9tvj3qrYAhULDcAKHSuHBpQQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q&f=false Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film, ed. Oliver Leaman]
12. ^Eshed, Eli (April 2, 2004).“Back to the Days of the Bible in Israeli Film and Television”. published originally in (the Israel) Bible Teacher's Journal (Hebrew)
13. ^[https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/JewishFarmers/JewishFarmers.html Jewish Farmers in Russian Fields]
14. ^Livneh, Tsevi, 1891-1985
15. ^OCLC WorldCat, Tsevi Livneh