| 词条 | Zygogramma suturalis |
| 释义 |
| image = Ragweed Leaf Beetle - Zygogramma suturalis, Julie Metz Wetlands, Va.jpg | image_caption = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Coleoptera | familia = Chrysomelidae | genus = Zygogramma | species = Z. suturalis | binomial = Zygogramma suturalis | binomial_authority = (Fabricius, 1775) }}{{Wikispecies|Zygogramma suturalis}} Zygogramma suturalis, commonly known as the ragweed leaf beetle, is a species of leaf beetle belonging to the genus Zygogramma.[1] Native to North America, it has been introduced into Russia and China for the biological pest control of ragweed. DescriptionThis leaf beetle is small with a brown head and pronotum, and yellow elytra marked with two wide margins of brown on each wing; one in the middle and one at the suture. DistributionZ. suturalis is native to Canada and the USA.[1]It was introduced into Russia in 1978 in an attempt to control invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed).[2] About 1500 specimens were originally released which had eliminated ragweed at the experimental control site by 1983. The success of Z. suturalis in Russia led to a population explosion with densities of up to 100,000,000 adults per square kilometre recorded subsequently.[3] It was introduced to China as a biological pest control for ragweed in 1987.[4] Lifecycle and habitatAdults and larvae feed on Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), A. psilostachya, and A. trifida.[5] Overwintering adults began feeding in late April or early May of the following year, having emerged when ragweed seedlings were only 2–5 cm tall.[6] Larvae of the first or spring generation began feeding in mid-May or early June and most reached maturity by early July.[6] Larvae of the second or late summer generation were evident during the first two weeks of August.[6] No complex courtship behavioural patterns have been observed in Z. suturalis; copulation most commonly takes place during the late morning or early evening and lasts from a few minutes to well over an hour.[6] Females lay between 145-563 eggs, over a period of 22–42 days.[6] Eggs are deposited in clusters of two or three on the underside of young ragweed leaves, usually near the leaf tip.[6] Investigations in the USA showed that Z. suturalis had 2 generations a year,[6] but field investigations in China have shown that the beetle species could have up to 3 generations a year in that populations.[4] At 26±1 °C, the average lifespan of the adult female and male was 82.5 and 67.8 days respectively.[4] The mated females began laying eggs two weeks after emergence. Each female lays an average of 394 eggs.[4] References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=720105#null |title=Zygogramma suturalis (Fabricius, 1775) |publisher=Integrated Taxonomic Information System|date=2017 |accessdate=2017-02-23}} 2. ^{{cite journal |author1=Kovalev, O.V. |author2=Reznik, S.Ya. |author3=Cherkashin, V.N. |date=1983 |title=Specific features of the methods of using Zygogramma Chevr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in biological control of ragweeds (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., A. psilostachya D.C.) |journal=Entomologicheskoe Obozrenije |language=Russian |volume=62 |pages=402–408}} 3. ^{{cite article |url=http://www.invasive.org/proceedings/pdfs/12_614-619.pdf |author1=Reznik, S. Ya. |author2=Spasskaya, I. A. |author3=Dolgovskaya, M.Yu. |author4=Volkovitsh, M.G. |author5=Zaitzev, V. F. |date=2008|title=The ragweed leaf beetle Zygogramma suturalis F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Russia: current distribution, abundance and implication for biological control of common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. |periodical=Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds |pages=614-619}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/abstract/19901138419 |author1=Wan, F. H. |author2=Wang, R. |date=1989 |title=Biology of Zygogramma suturalis (F.) (Col.: Chrysomelidae), an introduced biological control agent of common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia. |journal=Chinese Journal of Biological Control |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=71–75}} 5. ^{{cite book |url=https://www.zin.ru/animalia/coleoptera/pdf/clark_ledoux_et_al_2004.pdf |author1=Clark, S. M. |author2=LeDoux, D. G. |author3=Seeno, T. N. |author4=Riley, E. G. |author5=Gilbert, A. J. |author6=Sullivan, J. M. |title=Host Plants of Leaf Beetle Species Occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae, Megalopodiae, Chrysolmelidae exclusive of Bruchinae) |date=2004 |publisher=Coleopterists' Society |page=257}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal |last=Piper |first=Gary, L. |date=1975 |title=The Biology and Immature Stages of Zygogramma Suturalis (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) |journal=The Ohio Journal of Science |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=19–24 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/1811/22261}} External links
6 : Chrysomelinae|Beetles described in 1775|Beetles of North America|Biological pest control beetles|Beetles of Asia|Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius |
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