| 词条 | Öresundsvarvet |
| 释义 |
| name = Öresundsvarvet | logo = | type = | industry = Shipbuilding | fate = Dissolved | predecessor = | successor = | founded = 1915 | founder = Arthur Du Rietz | defunct = 1982 | hq_location_city = Landskrona, Sweden | hq_location_country = | area_served = | key_people = | products = | owner = | num_employees =3500 | num_employees_year =1975 | parent = | website = }} Öresundsvarvet was a Swedish shipyard in Landskrona that was established in 1915 and largely phased out between 1980 and 1982. FoundationÖresundsvarvet was constituted on 16 December 1915 by Gothenburg shipbuilder, Arthur Du Rietz.[1] During a visit to Landskrona, Du Rietz heard that the city wanted to complement its industry with a shipyard. The authorities suggested an area alongside the harbor called Sydpiren, which was then under water.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} Du Rietz was contracted to build a shipyard with two slipways on a {{convert|50000|m2|adj=on}} plot, {{convert|2|m}} above sea level. The city committed to provide a {{convert|1|km}} long railway embankment and a {{convert|50|m|adj=on}} berth. Du Rietz pledged to immediately then build a shipyard with two slipways. Construction began in 1916 and included a large dry dock {{convert|189.4|m}} in length. As World War One wasn't resolved in "a few months" (which was the general assumption by most people in the summer of 1914),{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} there was a period of an increasing demand, both for more vessels in general, as well as an equal demand of more modern ships. By November 1918, Öresundsvarvet was already more than well ready to continue delivering various kinds of vessels. But after the 1918 Armistice, which ended the war, the number of ordered ships began to decrease. Despite this decrease, the shipyard survived and better times was to come.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} GrowthThe shipyard was opened on 21 September 1918 with the launch of the first ship, the steamer Torild, built by Rederi AB Percivald in Landskrona. The company expanded quickly and by Autumn 1920 the yard had grown to {{convert|15|hectare}} with a {{convert|150|m|adj=on}} long fit-out in {{convert|7|m}} of water. In 1922, the shipyard could build eleven new vessels of {{convert|50000|t}}, but it was declared bankrupt due to poor economic conditions. New Oresund Shipbuilding Company ({{lang-sv|Nya Varvsaktiebolaget Öresund}}) was formed in April 1923 which could build seven vessels of {{convert|26,000|t}} deadweight. In 1935, the company name was changed to Öresundsvarvet AB.[2] A floating dock for vessels up to {{convert|5000|t}} was purchased from Copenhagen in 1936. The shipyard was taken over in 1940 by Götaverken, who then supplied the shipyard's newbuildings with new machinery. During World War II, the yard built a coastal destroyer and two minesweepers. In all, during the period from 1931 to 1944 the shipyard built fifty ships totalling {{convert|220000|t}}.[3] The yard experienced post-war economic growth and had expanded by 1975 to 3,500 employees.[1] In 1972, it built one of the world's largest container ships Nihon for the Swedish East Asiatic Company. ClosureAfter the 1973 energy & oil crisis, did the demand for new oil tankers rapidly decrease World Wide. As such vessels had been a major product for most shipyards during 15-20 years prior to 1973, did the aftermath of this enormous crisis (as OPEC nearly quadrupled the oil price in dollars, in a response to US President Nixon's aid to Israel during the Yom Kippur War[4]) include a severe crisis for most larger shipyards, also in Sweden. Öresundsvarvet was taken over by the state-owned shipbuilding group Svenska Varv AB in 1977.[5] The last ship, building number 282, was delivered in 1982.[6] The shipyard was sold in December 1982 for 1 krona to Landskrona Finance. Subsequent activitiesSmaller activities continued in the area after the yard closed. A new repair yard named Cityvarvet AB took over about 200 employees, while a similar number joined Bruces Shipyard making hulls. In 2010 the operation was renamed Oresund Heavy Industries AB and remains active in ship repair. Selected ships constructed
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.varvshistoriska.com/?p=visa-nyhetartikel&n=oresundsvarvet-1915|title=Öresundsvarvet 1915|website=Varvshistoriska föreningen I Landskrona|date=11 February 2011|accessdate=1 April 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.varvshistoriska.com/?p=visa-nyhetartikel&n=viktiga-handelser-i-oresundsvarvets-historia|title=Viktiga händelser i Öresundsvarvets historia|website=Varvshistoriska föreningen I Landskrona|date=11 February 2011|accessdate=1 April 2017}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Gegerfelt|first=Erik Wilhelm von|title=Svenska storföretag: kort historik över deras tillkomst och utveckling. D. 1|year=1945|publisher=Seelig i distr. |place=Stockholm|pages=152–160|language=Swedish}} 4. ^https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil_shock_of_1973_74 5. ^{{cite book|last=Qvarfort|first=Anne-Marie|title=Rapport från avvecklingen av Öresundsvarvet|year=1984|publisher=Länsarbetsnämnden i Malmöhus län|place=Malmö|language=Swedish}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Salomonsson|first=Karin Wikdahl Magnus|title=Varvet som var: rapport från dokumentationsprojektet vid Öresundsvarvet i Landskrona, hösten 1982|year=1984|publisher=Öresundsvarvet|place=Landskrona|language=Swedish}} 4 : Shipbuilding companies of Sweden|Defunct companies of Sweden|Manufacturing companies established in 1915|Swedish companies established in 1915 |
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