| 词条 | 2001 Bangladeshi general election |
| 释义 |
| election_name = Bangladeshi general election, 2001 | country = Bangladesh | type = parliamentary | turnout = 74.9% | ongoing = no | previous_election = Bangladeshi general election, June 1996 | previous_year = 1996 | previous_MPs = | next_election = Bangladeshi general election, 2008 | next_MPs = | next_year = 2008 | election_date = 1 October 2001 | seats_for_election = All 300 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad 151 seats were needed for a majority | image2 = Sheikh Hasina - 2009.jpg | image2_size = 110px | leader2 = Sheikh Hasina | leader_since2 = 1981 | party2 = Bangladesh Awami League | leaders_seat2 = Gopalganj-3 | last_election2 = 151 seats, 37.40% | seats2 = 62 | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 84 | popular_vote2 = 22,310,276 | percentage2 = 40.02% | swing2 = {{increase}} 2.62% | image1 = Begum Zia Book-opening Ceremony, 1 Mar, 2010.jpg | image1_size = 110px | leader1 = Khaleda Zia | leader_since1 = 1984 | party1 = Bangladesh Nationalist Party | leaders_seat1 = Bogra-6 | last_election1 = 116 seats, 33.60% | seats1 = 193 | seat_change1 = {{increase}} 77 | popular_vote1 = 23,074,714 | percentage1 = 41.40% | swing1 = {{increase}} 6.80% | image3 = Hussain Muhammad Ershad.jpg | image3_size = 110px | leader3 = Hussain Muhammad Ershad | leader_since3 = 1986 | party3 = Jatiya Party (Ershad) | leaders_seat3 = could not contest | last_election3 = 32 seats, 16.40% | seats3 = 14 | seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 18 | popular_vote3 = 4,023,962 | percentage3 = 7.22% | swing3 = {{decrease}} 7.18% | map_image = | map_size = | map_caption = | title = Prime Minister | posttitle = Subsequent Prime Minister | before_election = Sheikh Hasina | before_party = Bangladesh Awami League | after_election = Khaleda Zia | after_party = Bangladesh Nationalist Party }}{{Politics of Bangladesh}} The Eighth National Parliamentary Elections 2001 ({{lang-bn|অষ্টম জাতীয় সংসদ নির্বাচন ২০০১}}) were held in Bangladesh on 1 October 2001. 300 single-seat constituencies for the Jatiya Sangsad were contested by 1,935 candidates representing 54 parties and including 484 independents. The election was the second to be held under the caretaker government concept, introduced in 1996. The chief adviser of the caretaker government was Justice Latifur Rahman. The result was a win for the Bangladesh Nationalist Party with its leader Khaleda Zia becoming Prime Minister. Electoral SystemIn 2001, the 345 members of the Jatiya Sangsad consisted of 300 directly elected seats using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies,[1] and an additional 45 seats reserved for women. The reserved seats are distributed based on the election results.[2] Each parliament sits for a five year term. BackgroundThe Seventh Parliament headed by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina was dissolved on 13 July 2001,[3] having completed its designated 5-year term (the first parliamentary administration to ever do so)[4] and power was transferred to the caretaker government headed by Justice Latifur Rahman. The election was held on 1 October 2001 and saw victory for the Four Party Alliance, led by former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia's Bangladesh Nationalist Party, alongside Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, Jatiya Party (Manju) and Islami Oikya Jote. ResultsBNP were the clear winners in terms of seats, winning a secure majority with 193 (of 300) seats. BNP's allied parties Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, Jatiya Party (Manju) and Islami Oikya Jote also won a combined 23 seats, bringing the alliance total to 216 seats. As a result of the first-past-the-post voting system in Bangladesh, Awami League only secured 62 seats, despite a difference in popular vote share of only ≈1.4%. Voter turnout was very high at 75%.[4] The international[5] and national monitors declared the polling free and fair even though the Awami League alleged massive vote rigging by the BNP. The accusation was denied by the Chief Election Commissioner, who declared the charges "baseless".[6] International observers, from the European Union, the United Nations and the Carter Center[7] of former US President Jimmy Carter, also praised the heavy voter turnout, which was 75%.[4] With a clear majority BNP leader Khaleda Zia was invited to form a government and on 10 October 2001, was sworn in as Prime Minister and formed her Cabinet, which included members of her allied parties. The first sitting of the Eighth Parliament occurred on 28 October 2001[3] with Jamiruddin Sircar as its new Speaker. {{Pie chart| thumb = right | caption = Percentage of the popular vote, by party | other= | label1 = 4 Party Alliance | value1 = 45.4 | color1 = {{Bangladesh Nationalist Party/meta/color}} | label2 = 14 Party Alliance | value2 = 40 | color2 = {{Bangladesh Awami League/meta/color}} | label3 = Jatiya Party | value3 = 7.2 | color3 = {{Jatiya Party (Ershad)/meta/color}} | label4 = Independents | value4 = 7.4 | color4 = {{Independents/meta/color}} }}{{Bangladesh parliamentary election, 2001}}
(Source Bangladesh Election Commission) Female RepresentationOf the 300 directly elected seats, only seven were won by women.[8] This parliament marked an increase in the number of reserved seats for women (which are in addition to the 300 directly elected seats) from 30 to 45. Of these 45 reserved seats, 36 were awarded to BNP.[4] 8th Parliament Members of Bangladesh{{Main|List of members of the 8th Jatiya Sangsad}}AftermathThere were reports of violence targeting minority communities in the immediate wake of the elections.[9] {{Main|2001 Bangladesh post-election violence}}Zia's administration completed a full five year term, running from 28 October 2001 to 27 October 2006. However, disputes over the selection of a caretaker government, with disagreements between the parties over their neutrality, led to the 2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis, which eventually resulted in military intervention. New elections would not be held until December 2008. References1. ^Electoral system IPU {{Bangladeshi elections}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bangladeshi General Election, 2001}}2. ^Nizam Ahmed and Sadik Hasan [https://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9783319574745-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1615881-p180810316 Alangkar or Ahangkar? Reserved-Seat Women Members in the Bangladesh Parliament] 3. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812074443/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/about-parliament/tenure-of-parliament|title=Tenure of All Parliaments|date=2018-08-12|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2018-12-27}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2023_01.htm|title=IPU PARLINE database: BANGLADESH (Jatiya Sangsad), Elections in 2001|website=archive.ipu.org|access-date=2018-12-27}} 5. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1412745/625_tmpphpGBRYSw.pdf |title=Bangladesh parliamentary Elections 1 October 2001: Final Report |website=EU Election Observation Mission |access-date=2018-12-27}} 6. ^{{Cite web| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/10/05/bangla.victory/index.html|title=CNN.com - Zia wins power in Bangladesh - October 5, 2001|website=edition.cnn.com|access-date=2018-12-27}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cartercenter.org/news/documents/doc92.html|title=Postelection Statement by Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter on Bangladesh Elections, Oct. 5, 2001|website=www.cartercenter.org|access-date=2018-12-27}} 8. ^{{cite journal |last1=Kumar Panday |first1=Pranab |last2= |first2= |date=1 September 2008 |title=Representation without Participation: Quotas for Women in Bangladesh |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512108095724 |journal=International Political Science Review |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date=30 December 2018 }} 9. ^[https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2011/04/24/2001-violence-on-hinduscaretakers-bnp-jamaat-blamed 2001 violence on HindusCaretakers, BNP, Jamaat blamed| bdnews24, 24 April 2011] 4 : General elections in Bangladesh|2001 in Bangladesh|2001 elections in Asia|October 2001 events |
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