| 词条 | Arabian tahr |
| 释义 |
| name = Arabian tahr | image = Stuffed Arabian Tahr.jpg | caption = Stuffed tahr at the Natural History Museum of the Ministry of National Heritage and Culture in Al-Khuwair, Muscat, Oman | status = EN | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Arabitragus | parent_authority = Ropiquet & Hassanin, 2005 | species = jayakari | authority = (Thomas, 1894) | synonyms = Hemitragus jayakari | range_map = Arabitragus jayakari.png | range_map_caption = Distribution of the tahr in the region of Al Hajar Mountains of Oman and the UAE in Eastern Arabia }} The Arabian tahr (Arabitragus jayakari) is a species of tahr native to eastern Arabia. Until recently, it was placed in the genus Hemitragus, but genetic evidence supports its removal to a separate monotypic genus. The Arabian tahr is the smallest species of tahr. The animal is of stocky build with backward-arching horns in both sexes. Males are much more robust than females. Its coat consists of a long, reddish-brown hair, with a dark stripe running down the back. Males possess the most impressive manes which extend right down the back and grow longer, based on the age. In the oldest males the muzzle darkens to black and the eye stripes also darken. As with most mountain goats and sheep, it has rubbery hooves to provide balance and traction on the steep, rocky slopes. Habitat and range{{See also|Musandam Peninsula}}The Arabian tahr lives on steep rocky slopes of Al Hajar Mountains in the Sultanate of Oman and the United Arab Emirates, at altitudes of up to {{convert|1,800|m|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level. It is also found in the area of Jebel Hafeet.[2][3][4] Taxonomy and etymologyThe species was first described from specimens obtained by Dr. A.S.G. Jayakar from Jebel Taw and originally given the name of Hemitragus jayakari.[6] It was separated into the newly created genus Arabitragus on the basis of a study on the molecular phylogeny of the group in 2005.[7] The genus name Arabitragus is derived from the Greek words aravikós meaning "Arabian" and trágos meaning "goat".[8][9] BiologyUnlike other species of tahr, the Arabian tahr is solitary or lives in small groups consisting of a female and a kid, or a male. And instead of forming herds during seasonal ruts, reproduction occurs in small, dispersed family units. There are reports of births occurring throughout the year, and gestation lasts from 140–145 days. Diet and predationThese animals are usually browsers, feeding on grass, shrubs, leaves, and fruits of most trees. They are highly dependent on water and need to drink every two or three days during summer. They would descend from their point of elevation to drink from river courses known as wadis, and would travel to new areas when water dries up. The goat was likely preyed upon by the Arabian leopard.[10] ThreatsThe Arabian tahr is endangered due to intense overgrazing and poaching, and habitat destruction.[10] In Oman, a recent increase of human migration to urban areas has resulted in domestic goats becoming feral and foraging in places which were once strictly the tahr's home. Habitat degradation is also another major threat, due to construction of roads, buildings, and mineral extraction. Also, poaching often occurs when the animals descend down from the mountains for a fresh drink. Conservation{{See also|Al Hefaiyah Conservation Centre}}In 1973, efforts were planned to protect the Arabian tahr. And in 1975, it was granted in the Hajar Mountains. In 1980, a captive breeding program was set up at the Omani Mammal Breeding Center in order to reintroduce captive-bred individuals back into the wild. There are now three institutions involved, one in Oman and two in the United Arab Emirates. However, many people seem to be unaware about the tahr's grave situations, leading to other conservation initiatives to focus on the publicity and educational campaigns to raise the animals profile. In April 2009, the Wadi Wurayah preserve in the Emirate of Fujairah was set aside by royal decree in the Emirates for the protection of the tahr.[4][11] Another place in the UAE that was set up for its conservation is Sir Bani Yas in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.[4][12] See also
References1. ^{{Cite journal | author = Insall, D. | title = Arabitragus jayakari | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2008 | page = e.T9918A13027045 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2008 | url = http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/9918/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T9918A13027045.en | access-date = 11 January 2018}} Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of endangered. 2. ^{{cite news |author=WAM |title=EAD raises awareness on Abu Dhabi’s natural heritage at ADIHEX 2017 |publisher=The Gulf Today |url=http://gulftoday.ae/portal/4afcd0d9-b997-46e3-b3bc-615332d606c3.aspx |date=2017-09-13 |access-date=2018-03-30}} 3. ^{{cite news |author=De Leon, J. P. |title=100th Arabian tahr, and twin tahrs welcomed in Al Ain |publisher=Gulf News |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/environment/100th-arabian-tahr-and-twin-tahrs-welcomed-in-al-ain-1.1338797 |date=2014-05-26 |access-date=2018-04-03}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news |work=The National |title=Newborn Arabian tahr discovered on Jebel Hafeet |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/newborn-arabian-tahr-discovered-on-jebel-hafeet-1.85597 |date=2015-03-12 |access-date=2018-03-30}} 5. ^{{cite book |publisher=The Zoological Society of London |title=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |chapter= |page=534 |year=1894 |url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofzoo1894zool#page/n534/mode/1up}} 6. ^{{cite journal|title=On some specimens of mammals from Oman, S.E.Arabia|author=Thomas, Oldfield|year=1894|url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofzoo1894zool#page/448/mode/1up| pages=448–455}} 7. ^Ropiquet, A. & Hassanin, A. 2005. Molecular evidence for the polyphyly of the genus Hemitragus (Mammalia, Bovidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36(1):154-168 8. ^{{cite book|title=A Greek–English Lexicon|author1=Liddell|first=Henry George|author2=Scott|first2=Robert|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1940|edition=Ninth|location=Oxford|chapter=ραβία|chapter-url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=*)arabi/a}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=A Greek–English Lexicon|author1=Liddell|first=Henry George|author2=Scott|first2=Robert|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1940|edition=Ninth|location=Oxford|chapter=τράγος|chapter-url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=tra/gos&highlight=}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Edmonds, J.-A. |author2=Budd, K. J. |author3=Al Midfa, A. |author4=Gross, C. |last-author-amp=yes |year=2006 |title=Status of the Arabian Leopard in United Arab Emirates |journal=Cat News |issue=Special Issue 1 |pages=33–39 |url=http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/5.Cat_News/5.3._Special_Issues/5.3.1._SI_1/Edmonds_et_al_2006_Status_of_the_Arabian_leopard_in_United_Arab_Emirates.pdf}} 11. ^{{cite news |work=WWF |title=Arabian Tahr gets royal protection |url=http://uae.panda.org/news/?163161/Arabian-Tahr-getsroyal-protection |date=2009-04-28 |access-date=2018-03-30}} 12. ^{{cite news |work=Gulf News |title=Endangered Arabian tahr born on Sir Bani Yas Island |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/environment/endangered-arabian-tahr-born-on-sir-bani-yas-island-1.2156104 |date=2018-01-13 |access-date=2018-04-02}} External links
4 : Caprids|Mammals of the Arabian Peninsula|Fauna of the Middle East|Mammals described in 1894 |
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