“Arabic names of calendar months”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Arabic names of calendar months of the Gregorian calendar are usually phonetic Arabic pronunciations of the corresponding month names used in European languages. An exception is the Assyrian calendar used in Iraq and the Levant, which is inherited from Classical Arabic that correspond to roughly the same time of year.^[1]

The Gregorian calendar is and has been used in nearly all the countries of the Arab world, in many places long before European occupation of some of them {{Citation needed|date=March 2013}}. All Arab states use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes. The names of the Gregorian months as used in Egypt, Sudan, and Yemen are widely regarded as standard across the Arab world {{Citation needed|date=March 2013}}, although the Syro-Mesopotamian names are often used alongside them {{Citation needed|date=March 2013}}. In other Arab countries some modification or actual changes in naming or pronunciation of months were observed. The names of the Gregorian calendar months in the different countries of the Arab world were as follows:

Levant and Mesopotamia

These names are used primarily in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan. They are derived from the Syriac Aramaic names of the Assyrian calendar. These names are cognate with some of the names of the Babylonian and Hebrew calendars. Nine of these names were used in the Ottoman Rumi calendar, of which five remain in use in modern Turkish.

No.

Month

Arabic name

Transliteration

January

ar|Kānūn ath-Thānī}}

February

ar|Shubāṭ}}

March

ar|Ādhār}}

April

ar|Naysān}}

May

ar|Ayyār}}

June

ar|Ḥazīrān}}

July

ar|Tammūz}}

August

ar|Āb}}

September

ar|Aylūl}}

October

ar|Tishrīn al-Awwal}}

November

ar|Tishrīn ath-Thānī}}

December

ar|Kānūn al-Awwal}}

Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf countries

The names of the Gregorian months in Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf states are based on the old Latin names.

No.

Month

Arabic name

Transliteration

Egyptian pronunciation

January

ar|Yanāyir}}

jæ'næːjeɾ|}}

February

ar|Fibrāyir}}

febˈɾɑːjeɾ|}}

March

ar|Mārs}}

ˈmæːɾes|}}

April

ar|Abrīl / Ibrīl}}

ʔɪbˈɾiːl, ʔæb-|}}

May

ar|Māyū}}

ˈmæːju|}}

June

ar|Yūnyū / Yūnya}}

ˈjonjæ, -jo|}}

July

ar|Yūlyū / Yūlya}}

ˈjoljæ, -ju|}}

August

ar|Aghusṭus}}

ʔɑˈɣostˤos, ʔoˈ-|}}

September

ar|Sibtambar}}

sebˈtæmbeɾ, -ˈtem-, -ˈtɑm-|}}

October

ar|Uktūbar}}

okˈtoːbɑɾ, ek-, ɑk-|}}

November

ar|Nūfambar}}

noˈvæmbeɾ, -ˈvem-, -ˈfæm-,
-ˈfem-, -ˈvɑm-, -ˈfɑm-|}}

December

ar|Dīsambar}}

deˈsæmbeɾ, -ˈsem-, -ˈsɑm-|}}

Libya (1969–2011)

The names of months used in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya were derived from various sources, and were assembled after Muammar al-Gaddafi's seizure of power in 1969 and abolished in 2011 after the 17 February Revolution. The decision of changing calendar names was adopted in June 1986.^[2] Although the Libyan calendar followed the same sequence of the (renamed) Gregorian months, it counted the years from the death of the prophet Muhammad.^[3] This reckoning was therefore ten years behind the Solar Hijri calendar used in Afghanistan and Persia.

No.

Month

Arabic name

Transliteration

Meaning^[4]

January

ar|Ayy an-Nār}}

that of the fires

February

ar|an-Nuwwār}}

the mornings

March

ar|ar-Rabī‘}}

the spring/fall

{{transl|ar|al-Mirrij}} was also used^[5]

April

ar|aṭ-Ṭayr}}

the bird

May

ar|al-Mā’}}

the water

June

ar|aṣ-Ṣayf}}

the summer

July

ar|Nāṣir}}

from Gamal Abd el-Nasser

August

ar|Hānībāl}}

from Hannibal

September

ar|al-Fātiḥ}}

the lightened

October

ar|at-Tumūr / ath-Thumūr}}

the dates

November

ar|al-Ḥarth}}

the tillage

December

ar|al-Kānūn}}

the canon

Algeria and Tunisia

The names of the Gregorian months in Algeria and Tunisia are based on the French names of the months, reflecting France's long colonisation of these countries (1830–1962 in Algeria; 1881–1956 in Tunisia). The original French names are therefore listed below.

No.

Month

Arabic name

Transliteration

French name

January

ar|Jānvī}}

February

ar|Fīvrī}}

March

ar|Mārs / Māris}}

April

ar|Avrīl}}

May

ar|Māy}}

June

ar|Juwān}}

July

ar|Juwīliyya}}

August

ar|Ūt}}

September

ar|Sibtambir}}

October

ar|Uktūbir}}

November

ar|Nūvambir}}

December

ar|Dīsambir}}

Morocco

As Morocco was long part of the Roman Empire, the long-standing agricultural Berber calendar of the country preserves the Julian calendar and (in modified form) the names of its months. There are regional variations of the Berber calendar, since some communities did not recognise the Julian 29 February in century years where the Gregorian calendar had no equivalent date. When Morocco adopted the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes, the names of the months were taken from this local tradition.

No.

Month

Arabic name

Transliteration

January

ar|Yannāyir}}

February

ar|Fibrāyir}}

March

ar|Mārs}}

April

ar|Ibrīl}}

May

ar|Māy}}

June

ar|Yūniyū}}

July

ar|Yūliyūz}}

August

ar|Ghusht}}

September

ar|Shutanbir}}

October

ar|Uktūbir}}

November

ar|Nuwanbir}}

December

ar|Dujanbir}}

References

1. ^The months of the Gregorian (Christian) calendar in various languages: Arabic
2. ^{{cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1986-06-23/news/8602060902_1_arab-libya–-news-agency-calendar |title=Libya Changes Names Of Months On Calendar - Sun Sentinel |publisher=Articles.sun-sentinel.com |date=1986-06-23 |accessdate=2013-03-25}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://library.princeton.edu/departments/tsd/acm/appendix/months.html#libyan |title=ACM: Months |publisher=Library.princeton.edu |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620145817/http://library.princeton.edu/departments/tsd/acm/appendix/months.html |archivedate=20 June 2010 }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/lyalexcons/home-english/libyan-arab-jamahiriya |title=Libyan Arab Jamahiriya - الموقع غير الرسمى للقنصلية الليبية بالاسكندرية |publisher=Sites.google.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://conf-dts1.unog.ch/1%20SPA/Tradutek/Varios/00-Tratamiento_arabe_Anexo_ManualTraductor.htm |title=Tratamiento del árabe |publisher=Conf-dts1.unog.ch |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25}}