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词条 Aracari
释义

  1. Taxonomy and systematics

     Extant species  Former species 

  2. Behaviour and ecology

     Breeding  Food and feeding 

  3. Threats

  4. External links

{{automatic taxobox
| name = Aracaris
| image = Pteroglossus erythropygius-Gould.jpg
| image_caption = Pale-mandibled aracari
Pteroglossus erythropygius
| taxon = Pteroglossus
| authority = Illiger, 1811
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =

14 (incl. the saffron toucanet), see text.


| synonyms = * Beauharnaisius
}}

An aracari or araçari ({{IPAc-en|us|ˌ|ɑːr|ə|ˈ|s|ɑːr|i}} {{respell|AR|ə|SAR|ee}},[1]

{{IPAc-en|uk|ˌ|ær|ə|ˈ|s|ɑːr|i}} {{respell|ARR|ə|SAR|ee}}, {{IPAc-en|-|ˈ|k|ɑːr|i}} {{respell|-|KAR|ee}})[2]

is any of the medium-sized toucans that, together with the saffron toucanet, make up the genus Pteroglossus.

They are brightly plumaged and have enormous, contrastingly patterned bills. These birds are residents in forests and woodlands in the Neotropics.

Taxonomy and systematics

One species, the distinctive saffron toucanet, was formerly placed in the monotypic genus Baillonius, but Kimura et al. (2004) showed that it belongs in the genus Pteroglossus.[3]

Extant species

The genus Pteroglossus has fourteen species considered to belong to the genus:[4]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Pteroglossus viridis Green aracari lowland forests of northeastern South America (the Guiana Shield), in the northeast Amazon Basin, the Guianas and the eastern Orinoco River drainage of Venezuela
Pteroglossus inscriptus Lettered aracari Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
Pteroglossus bitorquatus Red-necked aracari Bolivia and Brazil
Pteroglossus azara Ivory-billed aracari Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela
Pteroglossus mariae Brown-mandibled aracari Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru
Pteroglossus aracari Black-necked aracari Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Pteroglossus castanotis Chestnut-eared aracari Amazon Basin, Paraguay, Bolivia, southeastern Brazil and the extreme northeast of Argentina
Pteroglossus pluricinctus Many-banded aracari Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela
Pteroglossus torquatus Collared aracari southern Mexico to Panama; also Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Costa Rica.
Pteroglossus sanguineus Stripe-billed aracari Colombia and Ecuador
Pteroglossus erythropygius Pale-mandibled aracari Ecuador and Peru
Pteroglossus frantzii Fiery-billed aracari southern Costa Rica and western Panama
Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested aracari Amazon Basin
Pteroglossus bailloni Saffron toucanet Brazil

Former species

Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize additional species or subspecies as species belonging to the genus Pteroglossus including:

  • Wagler's toucanet (as Pteroglossus wagleri)[5]
  • Emerald toucanet (as Pteroglossus prasinus)[6]
  • White-throated toucanet (as Pteroglossus albivitta)[7]
  • Black-throated toucanet (as Pteroglossus atrogularis)[8]
  • Groove-billed toucanet (as Pteroglossus sulcatus)[9]
  • Crimson-rumped toucanet (as Pteroglossus haematopygus)[10]
  • Guianan toucanet (as Pteroglossus Culik)[11]
  • Golden-collared toucanet (as Pteroglossus reinwardtii)[12]
  • Langsdorff's toucanet (as Pteroglossus langsdorffii)[13]
  • Tawny-tufted toucanet (as Pteroglossus nattereri)[14]
  • Gould's toucanet (as Pteroglossus gouldii)[15]
  • Spot-billed toucanet (as Pteroglossus maculirostris)[16]
  • Gray-breasted mountain toucan (as Pteroglossus hypoglaucus)[17]
  • Hooded mountain toucan (as Pteroglossus cucullatus)[18]
  • Black-billed mountain toucan (as Pteroglossus nigrirostris)[19]

Behaviour and ecology

Some species of aracaris are unusual for toucans in that they roost socially throughout the year, up to six adults and fledged young sleeping in the same hole with tails folded over their backs.

Breeding

They are arboreal and nest in tree holes laying 2–4 white eggs.

Food and feeding

All the species are basically fruit-eating, but will take insects and other small prey.

Threats

The ischnoceran louse Austrophilopterus flavirostris is suspected to parasitize most if not all species of aracaris, with the possible exception of the green aracari (Price & Weckstein 2005).

==References==

1. ^{{cite web | title = Aracari |work = Dictionary.com Unabridged | publisher = Random House, Inc.) | url = http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/aracari?s=t | accessdate = 2012-04-20}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Definition for aracari |work=Oxford Dictionaries Online |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/aracari?q=aracari |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120723042825/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/aracari?q=aracari |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-07-23 |accessdate=2012-04-20 }}
3. ^{{cite web|title=South American Classification Committee |work=Merge Baillonius into Pteroglossus |url=http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~remsen/SACCprop151.html |accessdate=2007-09-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516004433/http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop151.html |archivedate=2008-05-16 |df= }}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/jacamars/|title=Jacamars, puffbirds, toucans, barbets & honeyguides « IOC World Bird List|website=www.worldbirdnames.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=8A785F55&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Aulacorhynchus wagleri - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-24}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=B35771C79152F9B3|title=Aulacorhynchus prasinus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-24}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D9578239&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Aulacorhynchus albivitta - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-24}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=F2FFAA9B&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Aulacorhynchus atrogularis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-25}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=96711EDE05847B28|title=Aulacorhynchus sulcatus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-25}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=23DB835648606957|title=Aulacorhynchus haematopygus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-25}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=92FB567FBC5845D8|title=Selenidera piperivora - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-28}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=6AAA613244629521|title=Selenidera reinwardtii - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-28}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=5A81652E&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Selenidera reinwardtii langsdorffii - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-28}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=82C29C2F6F37481D|title=Selenidera nattereri - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-28}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=39C1655E257495CD|title=Selenidera gouldii - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-28}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=F0C12CF9&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Selenidera maculirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-28}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=B02554D83393F363|title=Andigena hypoglauca - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-28}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=D5746888EA67F2FB|title=Andigena cucullata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-29}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=64516AE0ACD1E341|title=Andigena nigrirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-29}}
* BirdLife International 2004. Pteroglossus bailloni{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140627000000/http://www.iucnredlist.org/ 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ] Downloaded on 27 July 2007.

  • Price, Roger D. & Weckstein, Jason D. (2005): The genus Austrophilopterus Ewing (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from toucans, toucanets, and araçaris (Piciformes: Ramphastidae). Zootaxa 918: 1-18. PDF fulltext

External links

{{Commons category|Pteroglossus}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070411121247/http://www.emeraldforestbirds.com/EmeraldGallery.htm Extensive Gallery on Toucans]
  • List of Toucans
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311140244/http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamilia=101 Toucan videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
{{Ramphastidae}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1076011}}

2 : Pteroglossus|Toucans
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