| 词条 | Bjelovar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Bjelovar | official_name = Grad Bjelovar City of Bjelovar | settlement_type = City |image_skyline ={{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Bjelovar Preradoviceva.JPG | photo2a = Bjelovar gradskavijecnica.jpg | photo2b = Bjelovar zima.JPG | photo3a = Bjelovar Rotor.JPG | photo3b = Spomen park Borik01.jpg | size = 250 | spacing = 1 | color = #FFFFFFu | border = 0 | foot_montage = Top: Preradović Street; Center left: Bjelovar Town Hall; Center right: Cathedral and city park; Bottom left: Stjepan Radić Square; Bottom right: Borik memorial park}} | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Croatia | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Bjelovar in Croatia | image_flag = Vlag_bjelovar.gif | image_shield =Bjelovar_(grb).png | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type1 = County | subdivision_name = {{flag|Croatia}} | subdivision_name1 = Bjelovar-Bilogora | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Dario Hrebak | leader_party = HSLS |leader_title1 = City Council |leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list |title = 26 members |frame_style= border: none; padding: 0; |list_style=text-align:left;display:none; |1 =•SDP (5), List of Independent Damir Bajs (3), HNS (2), HSU (2), ABB (2), ORaH (1) - (15) |2 =• HDZ (9) |3 =• HSLS (1) |4 =• Independents (1) }} | area_total_km2 = 191.9 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 40276 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|45|54|N|16|50|E|region:HR|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 135 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 43000 | area_code = 043 | registration_plate = BJ | blank_name = Climate | blank_info = Cfb | website = bjelovar.hr }}Bjelovar ({{lang-hu|Belovár}}, {{lang-de|Bellowar}}, Kajkavian: Belovar) is a city in central Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Bjelovar-Bilogora County. At the 2011 census, there were 40,276 inhabitants, of whom 91.25% were Croats.[1] Bjelovar was first mentioned in 1413 and only gained importance when a new fort was built there in 1756, at the command of the Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa. The initial role of the city was to defend central Croatia against the Ottoman invasions. The town had to wait until the end of these wars to be pronounced a free royal town by ban Ivan Mažuranić in 1874. HistoryThe oldest Neolithic location in this area is in Ždralovi, a suburb of Bjelovar, where, while building a basement for the house of Josip Horvatić, a dugout was found and identified as belonging to the Starčevo culture (5000 – 4300 BC).[2][3][4] Finds from Ždralovi belong to a regional subtype of a late variant of the Neolithic culture. It is designated the Ždralovi facies of the Starčevo culture, or the final-stage Starčevo. There are also relics of the Korenovo culture, Sopot culture, Lasinja culture, and the Vučedol culture.[5] After the drop of the Ottoman Empire domination, Bjelovar (named Bellowar before 1850[6] ) was part of the Austrian monarchy (Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia after the compromise of 1867), in the Croatian Military Frontier, Warasdin-Kreutzer Regiment N°V until 1881. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Bjelovar was the seat of the Bjelovar-Križevci County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. From 1929 to 1939, Bjelovar was part of the Sava Banovina and from 1939 to 1941 of the Banovina of Croatia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. DemographicsPopulation by settlement:[7] {{div col|colwidth=22em}}
GeographyThe city of Bjelovar stands on a plateau in the southern part of Bilogora (north-west Croatia), 135 metres above sea level. It is the capital of the Bjelovar-Bilogora county, and the natural, cultural and political centre of the area. Bjelovar is at an intersection of roads in this area: the D28 intersects with the D43, and it lies on the road between Zagreb and west Slavonia, Podravina and Osijek. Bjelovar is currently being connected by dual carriageway with Zagreb. The city of Bjelovar has an area of {{convert|191.9|km²|1|abbr=on}}, and administratively it includes 31 other areas. North-east of Bjelovar there is a long, low elevation called Bilogora, with an average height of 150–200 m (highest point: Rajčevica, 309 m). The geology of the area consists of Pliocene sandy marl and sandstones with lesser layers of lignite. Older rocks do not appear on the surface in this area. In deep boreholes there are crystalline rocks. ClimateBjelovar has a temperate continental climate. Winters are moderately cold and summers are warm. Precipitation of about {{convert|900|mm|0|abbr=on}} per year is normal. The prevailing wind during winter is northerly, with easterlies becoming stronger in spring, when it may be quite cold, often blowing for a several days consecutively. In summer the wind is southerly; it is warm and more humid. The mean yearly temperature in Bjelovar is about {{convert|12|°C|0|abbr=on}}. {{Weather box|location = Bjelovar (1949–2017) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 17.8 |Feb record high C = 21.3 |Mar record high C = 27.4 |Apr record high C = 30.3 |May record high C = 34.1 |Jun record high C = 36.7 |Jul record high C = 38.5 |Aug record high C = 38.5 |Sep record high C = 33.7 |Oct record high C = 28.2 |Nov record high C = 25.4 |Dec record high C = 22.5 |year record high C = 38.5 |Jan mean C = -0.3 |Feb mean C = 1.9 |Mar mean C = 6.3 |Apr mean C = 11.3 |May mean C = 16.0 |Jun mean C = 19.5 |Jul mean C = 21.2 |Aug mean C = 20.4 |Sep mean C = 16.0 |Oct mean C = 10.7 |Nov mean C = 5.7 |Dec mean C = 1.2 |year mean C = |Jan record low C = −26.7 |Feb record low C = −24.9 |Mar record low C = −20.5 |Apr record low C = -6.8 |May record low C = -3.4 |Jun record low C = 0.7 |Jul record low C = 5.3 |Aug record low C = 2.8 |Sep record low C = -2.0 |Oct record low C = -7.2 |Nov record low C = −16.4 |Dec record low C = −20.7 |year record low C = −26.7 |precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 48.5 | Feb precipitation mm = 47.1 | Mar precipitation mm = 48.4 | Apr precipitation mm = 58.6 | May precipitation mm = 78.2 | Jun precipitation mm = 88.7 | Jul precipitation mm = 75.4 | Aug precipitation mm = 78.1 | Sep precipitation mm = 79.6 | Oct precipitation mm = 64.8 | Nov precipitation mm = 80.2 | Dec precipitation mm = 62.6 |year precipitation mm = |Jan rain days = 7 |Feb rain days = 7 |Mar rain days = 9 |Apr rain days = 12 |May rain days = 13 |Jun rain days = 12 |Jul rain days = 11 |Aug rain days = 9 |Sep rain days = 10 |Oct rain days = 10 |Nov rain days = 11 |Dec rain days = 9 |unit snow days = |Jan snow days = 6 |Feb snow days = 5 |Mar snow days = 4 |Apr snow days = 1 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 2 |Dec snow days = 5 |year snow days = |Jan sun = 59.8 |Feb sun = 89.8 |Mar sun = 147.6 |Apr sun = 183.2 |May sun = 233.7 |Jun sun = 248.8 |Jul sun = 274.8 |Aug sun = 259.5 |Sep sun = 188.0 |Oct sun = 135.8 |Nov sun = 70.9 |Dec sun = 46.5 |year sun = | source 1 = Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service[8] }} CultureBjelovar contains three war memorials. The Barutana memorial area is dedicated to those who died defending the city on September 29, 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence. The Lug memorial area is dedicated to Ustashi soldiers killed by Partisans in 1945, and the Borik memorial area is dedicated to Partisans killed during the Second World War. Bjelovar hosts the yearly "BOK" (Bjelovarski odjeci kazališta or Bjelovar Echoes of Theatre) theatre festival. It was founded and is run by Bjelovar actor Goran Navojec, and it hosts a selection of the best plays performed in Croatia during previous year. SportIn the 1970s, Bjelovar was known as the handball capital of Europe, when its local squad RK Bjelovar (under the name Partizan) dominated Croatian, Yugoslav, and European handball. The team came solely from Bjelovar and its environs. International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Croatia}}Twin towns and sister citiesBjelovar is twinned with:
People
See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{Croatian Census 2011|E|07}} 2. ^Jakovljević, G. Arheološka topografija Bilogore, Bjelovarski zbornik ‘89, Bjelovar, 1989, pp 108–119 3. ^Dimitrijević, S. Das Neolithikum in Syrmien, Slawonien und Nordwestkroatien — Einführung in den Stander Forschung, Archeologica Iugoslavica X, Belgrade, 1969, p 39-76 (45, 47) 4. ^Dimitrijević, S. Sjeverna zona — Neolitik u centralnom i zapadnom dijelu sjeverne Jugoslavije, Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja II, Sarajevo, 1979, pp 229–360 (252–253) 5. ^Jakovljević, G. Povijest naseljenosti bjelovarskog kraja do osnutka grada ; in: Slukan Altić, M. Povijesni atlasi gradova : I. vol. Bjelovar, Croatian State Archives and the State Archives in Bjelovar, 2003, pp 11–19 6. ^Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850-1864, by Edwin MUELLER, 1961. 7. ^{{Croatian Census 2011|S|07|0248}} 8. ^{{cite web| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190111041654/http://meteo.hr/klima_e.php?section=klima_podaci¶m=k1&Grad=bjelovar| archivedate = 11 January 2019| url = http://meteo.hr/klima_e.php?section=klima_podaci¶m=k1&Grad=bjelovar| title = Monthly values and extremes: Values for Bjelovar in 1949–2017 period| accessdate = 10 January 2019| publisher = Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
External links{{Commons category|Bjelovar}}
6 : Bjelovar|Cities and towns in Croatia|Populated places in Bjelovar-Bilogora County|Bjelovar-Križevci County|1413 establishments in Europe|15th-century establishments in Croatia |
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