| 词条 | Araucaria moist forests |
| 释义 |
| name = Araucaria moist forests | image = Araucaria Parna aparados da serra.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Araucaria moist forest in Aparados da Serra National Park, Brazil. | country = {{BRA}} | country1 = {{ARG}} | country2 = | state = São Paulo (state) | state1 = Paraná | state2 = Santa Catarina | state3 = Rio Grande do Sul | state4 = Misiones Province | border = Alto Paraná Atlantic forests | border1 = Cerrado | border2 = Pampas | border3 = Serra do Mar coastal forests | bird_species = 440[1] | mammal_species = 141[1] | habitat_loss = 87.0 | habitat_loss_ref = [2] | protected = 0.62 | protected_ref = [3] | area = 216100 | biome = Atlantic Forest | map = Araucaria moist forests WWF.png | map_size = 240 | map_alt = | map_caption = Araucaria moist forests ecoregion as defined by WWF. }} The Araucaria moist forests, officially classified as mixed ombrophilous forest (Portuguese: "Floresta Ombrófila Mista") in Brazil, are a coniferous forest ecoregion of the Atlantic Forest Biome. The forest ecosystem is located in southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. The ecorregion also includes select areas of open field called "campos de cima da serra" or "coxilhas" (highland fields). SettingThe moist forests cover an area of {{Convert|216100|km2|mi2}}, encompassing a region of mountains and plateaus in the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, and extending into Misiones Province of Argentina. The ecoregion lies above {{Convert|500|m|ft}}, rising to {{Convert|1600|m|ft}} elevation on the high slopes of the Serra da Mantiqueira. The ecoregion is bounded by the Paraná-Paraíba interior forests to the north, west, and south, the Cerrado savannas and shrublands to the northeast, The Serra do Mar coastal forests to the east, and the Uruguayan savanna to the southwest. ClimateThe Araucaria moist forests have an oceanic temperate climate (Cfb), with frequent frosts during the winter months and considerable snowfalls (generally light) in the highest areas. Annual precipitation is high, ranging from {{Convert|1300|to|3000|mm|in}}, without a dry season. FloraThe ecoregion mostly consists of evergreen subtropical moist forests, with a canopy made up of Ocotea pretiosa and O. catharinense (Lauraceae), Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Myrtaceae), and Mimosa scabrella and Parapiptadenia rigida (both Leguminosae). Brazilian araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) forms an emergent layer, growing up to {{Convert|45|m|ft}} in height. The forests are significant from an evolutionary perspective, as a relict of mixed coniferous and broad-leafed forests that were once much more widespread, and are home to many taxa characteristic of the Antarctic flora. FaunaThe ecoregion is home to several threatened species endemic to the Atlantic forests, including the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba) and the red-spectacled parrot (Amazona pretrei). The Araucaria moist forests is recognized as an important endemic bird area. Conservation and threatsThe Araucaria moist forests are within the Atlantic Forest Biome (Mata Atlântica), which is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot by Conservation International, and as a Global 200 ecoregion by the World Wildlife Fund. References1. ^1 {{cite book |last1 = Hoekstra |first1 = J. M. |last2 = Molnar |first2 = J. L. |last3 = Jennings |first3 = M. |last4 = Revenga |first4 = C. |last5 = Spalding |first5 = M. D. |last6 = Boucher |first6 = T. M. |last7 = Robertson |first7 = J. C. |last8 = Heibel |first8 = T. J. |last9 = Ellison |first9 = K. |title = The Atlas of Global Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference |publisher = University of California Press |year = 2010 |isbn = 978-0-520-26256-0 |url=http://www.nature.org/science-in-action/science-features/conservation-atlas.xml }} 2. ^SOS MATA ATLÂNTICA. 1998. Atlas da evolução dos remanescentes florestais e ecossistemas associados no domínio da Mata Atlântica no período 1990-1995. Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica, Instituto Socioambiental e Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais, São Paulo. 3. ^SILVA, J.M.C. & DINNOUTI, A. 1999. Análise de representatividade das unidades de conservação federais de uso indireto na Floresta Atlântica e Campos Sulinos. In: Conservation International (ed.). Workshop Avaliação e Ações Prioritárias para Conservação dos Biomas Floresta Atlântica e Campos Sulinos, São Paulo. http://www.conservation.org. External links{{commonscat|Atlantic forest|Atlantic Forest}}{{commonscat|Mata Atlântica}}
[[Category:Temperate coniferous forest 13 : Atlantic Forest (biome)|Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|Ecoregions of Argentina|Ecoregions of Brazil|Forests of Brazil|Flora of Atlantic Forest (biome)|Natural history of Argentina|Environment of São Paulo (state)|Environment of Paraná (state)|Environment of Santa Catarina (state)|Environment of Rio Grande do Sul|Geography of Misiones Province|Neotropic ecoregions |
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