| 词条 | Arcata and Mad River Railroad |
| 释义 |
|railroad_name = Arcata and Mad River Railroad |logo = |logo_size = |logo_alt = |system_map = |map_caption = |map_size = |map_alt = |image = ArcataAndMadRiverPlaque.jpg |image_size = |image_caption = |image_alt = |marks = AMR |locale = Redwood Empire |start_year = {{Start date|1854}} |end_year = {{End date|1983}} |predecessor_line = |successor_line = |gauge = {{Track gauge|ussg|allk=on}} |old_gauge = {{Track gauge|3ft9.5in|lk=on}} |electrification = |length = |hq_city = Arcata, California |website = |embedded = {{Designation list|embed=yes|designation1=California|designation1_number=842}} }} The Arcata and Mad River Railroad {{Reporting mark|AMR}}, founded in 1854, was the oldest working railroad in California. It operated on a unique gauge until the 1940s when standard gauge rails were laid. The line closed in 1985 due to landslides. It is California Historical Landmark #842. HistoryUnion Wharf companiesOn December 15, 1854 the Union Wharf and Plank Walk Company[1] built a pier into Humboldt Bay near Arcata to load lumber schooners. The wooden rails overlain with strap iron[1] laid on that walkway were built to an unusual narrow gauge of {{RailGauge|3ft9.5in}} apart.[2] A year later, {{convert|2|mi|km}} of track had been laid leading up to the wharf.[2] A horse drew the cars across the narrow gauge rail tracks.[3]{{rp|86}} This line was the oldest working railroad in California because while the Sacramento Valley Railroad filed papers of incorporation in 1853, they did not begin construction until 1855, after this line was operational.[4]{{rp|41}} In 1875, the railroad was renamed the Union Plank Walk and Railroad Company.[2] The wooden rails were faced with iron and a small steam locomotive, named the Black Diamond towed lumber out onto the pier from the 1872 Dolly Varden mill owned by Isaac Minor.[3]{{rp|90}} Arcata Transportation CompanyTwenty-three years later, on June 15, 1878, the railroad was reorganized as the Arcata Transportation Company.[2] The old side-wheel steamer, the Gussie McAlpine was replaced by a sternwheeler, named the Alta and the company kept adding track to local mills.[2] In 1881 the Arcata and Mad River Railroad assumed control of the old line.[3]{{rp|90}} Over the next two years, they replaced strap iron rail with {{convert|35|lb/yd|kg/m|1|adj=on}} T-rail[3] and extended the rails further upstream on the Mad River until they reached the town of North Fork now Korbel and the Humboldt Lumber Mill owned by the Korbel brothers.[2] Due to the initials of the line, it was nicknamed the "Annie and Mary."[3] Arcata and Mad River Railroad CompanyIn 1883, the Korbel family bought the line which had about {{convert|27|mi|km}} of track split between common carrier lines and private logging track.[2] The Korbels organized the company on December 29, 1891 as the Arcata and Mad River Railroad Company.[5] In the late 1880s, the A&MR line carried lumber for the (Isaac) Minor Mill and Lumber Company of Glendale.[2] In 1890, the A&MR engines included Arcata, North Fork, Eureka and Blue Lake as well as a small engine named Gypsy; by the early 1900s, a new Baldwin 1901 engine named the Hoopa was added.[3]{{rp|97}} In 1896 the line carried 24,752 passengers and {{convert|6,475|ST|LT t}} of freight from four saw mills and two shingle mills.[6] Passenger revenue on the line was about 28 percent of freight revenue.[6] In March 1896 an E&ERRR construction train failed to stop and collided with a passenger train.[6] The first known Humboldt County railroad accident with injuries occurred on September 13, 1896 when seven people were killed and 23 injured by a train falling through the Mad River truss bridge.[7] Lawsuits relating to the fatal accident were filed against the Korbels but were unsuccessful.[8] Construction of the California and Northern Rail line between Arcata and Eureka in 1901 put the Alta out of business.[2] Two years later the Humboldt Lumber Mill and the A&MR were bought by the Riverside Lumber Company and the Charles Nelson Steamship Company who reinforced the wharf for use by any locomotive instead of just the lightweight engine formerly used.[2] 20th centuryAfter owner Francis Korbel returned to his home city of Prague, the company sold out to the Northern Redwood Lumber Company.[9] On October 23, 1914 the region was linked to the San Francisco Bay Area for the first time by the completion of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad (NWP) which also assumed control of the California and Northern.[2] The NWP consolidated about half of the Humboldt County rail lines.[4]{{rp|33}} In 1925, the logging rail gauge and the Heisler locomotives were changed to {{RailGauge|4ft8.5in|allk=on}}, although the original narrow gauge remained until the closing of the Korbel Riverside mill rendered it redundant.[2] The next series of changes resulted in removing old track and building new in the 1940s when all the old track was gone and standard gauge for {{convert|7.5|mi|km|adj=on}} was installed.[2] On 3 June 1954 the railroad celebrated its centennial with an excursion for 300 Humboldt County residents plus 338 railfans from Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico, and distant parts of California. Locomotive number 12 pulled a baggage car and nine Southern Pacific San Francisco commuter coaches from Arcata to Korbel, where the passengers transferred to seven flatcars pulled by Shay locomotive number 5 to Camp 9.[10] Lumber boomed again in the 1950s, the A&MR served fifteen shippers on its {{convert|7.5|mi|km|adj=on}} railroad.[7] In 1956 the Simpson Logging Company purchased the Northern Redwood Lumber Company operations, which included the A&MR.[8] The average daily car loadings were enough to place the road among the highest paying railroad properties per mile in the United States.[7] At the time of its closure, AMR ran 4 General Electric 44-tonner diesel-electric locomotives (#101-#104) and one Whitcomb 80DE-7b 80 ton diesel-electric locomotive.[7] During the 1950s, shipments from Blue Lake included regular cars from the Levitt Brothers own lumberyard and nail factory from which lumber and nails were sent to the four Levittown developments in the eastern U.S.[11] In the winter of 1982-83, storms washed out the main NWP line in several places. After restoring service to Eureka in June 1983, the NWP charged a surcharge of $1,200 per car in and out of the area. Due to the landslides and the surcharges, shippers switched to diesel trucks, dooming the A&MR.[12] Service on the line ceased in 1983 and it the line was abandoned May 24, 1985. In September 1988 the Eureka Southern Railroad purchased the AMR from Simpson Timber Company for $300,000.[13] Service on other parts of the system was briefly resumed in 1994 by the North Coast Railroad but ceased permanently after landslides led to the closure of the entire Humboldt County portion of their track in 1998.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}} The Arcata and Mad River Railroad was last used in 1992;[14] all fixtures were removed by 1998. A trail on the former right-of-way was proposed by the North Coast Rail Authority in 1997.[14] Although little progress has been made on the trail, the Blue Lake Chamber of Commerce sponsors an annual parade celebrating the history of the railroad.[15] See also{{Commons category|Blue Lake, California}}{{Portal||Railways}}
References1. ^1 {{cite ohp|842|Arcata and Mad River Railroad Company|2012-10-07}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite book|author=George Woodman Hilton|title=American Narrow Gauge Railroads|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7POj8GvF4sIC&pg=PA320|year=1990|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-1731-1|pages=320–}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|author1=Lynwood Carranco|author2=John T. Labbe|title=Logging the Redwoods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G2FBSEfJxiMC&pg=PA94|date=1 January 1975|publisher=Caxton Press|isbn=978-0-87004-536-3}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|author=Katy M. Tahja|title=Logging Railroads of Humboldt and Mendocino Counties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jl6QU7d3OJgC&pg=PA33|year=2013|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-9621-1|pages=33–|quote= Trying to count logging railroads in Humboldt County is like trying to count fleas on a scruffy dog. They were all over the place, and moving constantly. Plus these lines merged, went bankrupt or changed their names over the years.}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Board of Railroad Commissioners of the State of California|title=Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners of the State of California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iY0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA267|year=1901|publisher=The Board|pages=267–273}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Board of Railroad Commissioners of the State of California|title=Biennial Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners of the State of California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U3opAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA307|year=1896|publisher=The Board|pages=307–313}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author=Stanley T. Borden|title=Arcata & Mad River: 100 Years of Railroading in the Redwood Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1s7nQEACAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Western Railroader}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Lynwood Carranco|author2=Henry L. Sorensen|title=Steam in the Redwoods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=joMfAAAACAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Caxton Printers|isbn=978-0-87004-321-5}} 9. ^{{cite web | title =Arcata & Mad River Railroad Company records, 1868-1927 (bulk 1888-1903). | work = Collection Records | publisher =Bancroft Library, University of California - Berkeley | year =2009 | url =http://www.oac.cdlib.org/search?style=oac4;Institution=UC%20Berkeley::Bancroft%20Library;idT=UCb104394146 | accessdate = January 17, 2014}} 10. ^{{cite journal |last=Spangler |first=Ray |year=1954 |title=600 Railfans Take Unusual Centennial Trip |journal=The Western Railroader |volume=17 |issue=177 |pages=6&7 |publisher=Francis A. Guido }} 11. ^A Brief History of Levittown, New York {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220063637/http://www.levittownhistoricalsociety.org/history.htm |date=2008-12-20 }}, Levittown Historical Society, retrieved 08 February 2013 12. ^{{cite web | last =Moore | first =Jeff | title = Miscellaneous: McCloud Customers: Simpson Timber Company | work = | publisher = Train Web | date =November 1, 2013 | url =http://www.trainweb.org/mccloudrails/Miscellaneous/SprintReload.html | accessdate = January 17, 2014 }} 13. ^{{cite book|title=Railfan & Railroad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvpVAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|page = 32|publisher=Carstens Publications.}} 14. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Humboldt County Association of Governments|title=Humboldt County Regional Trails Master Plan|date=2010|publisher=Humboldt County|location=Chapter 4, Active Transportation System|page=37-42|url=http://hcaog.net/sites/default/files/rtm-4_active_transpn_system.pdf|accessdate=17 April 2015}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Chamber of Commerce|url=http://bluelake.ca.gov/business/chamber-of-commerce|website=City of Blue Lake|accessdate=28 April 2015}} Further reading
9 : Defunct California railroads|Transportation in Humboldt County, California|Railway companies established in 1854|Railway companies disestablished in 1985|Logging railroads in the United States|Standard gauge railways in the United States|3 ft 9½ in gauge railways in the United States|1854 establishments in California|American companies established in 1854 |
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